Loneliness within a nomological net: An evolutionary perspective
Loneliness within a nomological net: An evolutionary perspective
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jrp.2005.11.007
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Spiegel, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cacioppo, John T.;Hawkley, Louise C.;Spiegel, David
孤独感的特征是社会痛苦和孤立感，并且具有遗传性和不可共享的环境基础。概述了孤独的进化理论，四项研究复制并扩展了先前关于孤独个体特征的研究。研究 1 和 2 表明孤独感和抑郁情绪是相关但又可分离的结构。研究3证实，与非孤独者相比，孤独的年轻人在焦虑、愤怒、消极情绪和对负面评价的恐惧方面更高，而在乐观、社交技能、社会支持、积极情绪、冲动、情绪稳定性、责任心、宜人性、害羞和社交能力方面较低。与孤独相关的六种人格因素（紧迫性、情绪稳定性、宜人性、尽责性、害羞和社交性）并不能解释孤独与消极情绪、焦虑、愤怒、乐观（悲观）、自尊和社会支持之间的关联，因为即使在统计控制这些人格因素后，每种关联仍然具有统计学显着性。研究4使用催眠来实验性地操纵孤独感，以确定参与者的性格和社会情感特征是否存在相关的变化。结果证实，孤独感会影响参与者的人格评价和社会情绪状态。 (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
Loneliness is characterized by feelings of social pain and isolation and has both heritable and unshared environmental underpinnings. An evolutionary theory of loneliness is outlined, and four studies replicate and extend prior research on the characteristics of lonely individuals. Studies 1 and 2 indicate that loneliness and depressed affect are related but separable constructs. Study 3 confirms that lonely, relative to nonlonely, young adults are higher in anxiety, anger, negative mood, and fear of negative evaluation, and lower in optimism, social skills, social support, positive mood, surgency, emotional stability, conscientiousness, agreeableness, shyness, and sociability. The set of six personality factors associated with loneliness (surgency, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, shyness, and sociability) do not explain the associations between loneliness and negative mood, anxiety, anger, optimism (pessimism), self-esteem, and social support, as each association remained statistically significant even after statistically controlling for these personality factors. Study 4 used hypnosis to experimentally manipulate loneliness to determine whether there were associated changes in the participants' personality and socioemotional characteristics. Results confirmed that loneliness can influence the participants' personality ratings and socioemotional states. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.