Observational study on diurnal precipitation cycle in equatorial Indonesia using 1.3-GHz wind profiling radar network and TRMM precipitation radar
Observational study on diurnal precipitation cycle in equatorial Indonesia using 1.3-GHz wind profiling radar network and TRMM precipitation radar
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利用1.3GHz风廓线雷达网和TRMM降水雷达对印度尼西亚赤道日降水周期进行观测研究
DOI：
10.1016/j.jastp.2010.10.003
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Timbul Manik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Tabata;H. Hashiguchi;M. K. Yamamoto;M. Yamamoto;M. D. Yamanaka;S. Mori;Fadli Syamsudin;Timbul Manik
利用安装在坤甸（109.37°E，0.00°S）、万鸦老（124.92°E，1.55°N）和比亚克（136.10°E，1.18°S）的1.3 GHz风廓线雷达（WPR）和雨量计对赤道印度尼西亚上空的日降水周期变化进行了研究。坤甸周围的陆块水平尺度大于100 km，而万鸦老和比亚克的陆块水平尺度为10- 100 km。在所有三个WPR站点，雨量计在当地时间1300-1500期间检测到最大降雨量。WPR的观测结果显示，在这一时期，深对流云占主导地位。有一个明显的差异，在下午到晚上的降水之间的三个WPR网站。在坤甸，下午到傍晚的降水具有中尺度对流系统（MCS）的特征。强对流雨率峰值后的层状云降水占主导地位，1500- 2000 LT期间对流降水向层状云降水的转变明显。MTSAT-1 R卫星观测到的黑体亮温（Tbb）也表明，降水云具有足够的水平尺度，可以很好地组织成MCS。在万鸦老和比亚克，下午早些时候的峰值降雨率具有短时间（1- 2 h）的特点，对流降水后的降水不明显。tbb资料显示，对流降水的水平尺度为10- 100 km。三个WPR站点降水特征的差异被认为是由各自陆地水平尺度的差异造成的。还利用11年的热带降雨测量使命（TRMM）数据研究了日降水周期。水平分辨率为0.5°的3G 68产品无法分辨下午早些时候在万鸦老和比亚克的峰值降雨率，那里的对流云发展了10- 100公里的水平尺度。利用TRMM降水雷达（PR）2A 25产品制作了水平分辨率为0.1°的地面降雨数据。这个高水平分辨率的数据集成功地探测到下午早些时候在万鸦老和比亚克的对流降雨率峰值。
Variations in the diurnal precipitation cycle over equatorial Indonesia was investigated using 1.3-GHz wind profiling radars (WPRs) and rain gauges installed at Pontianak (109.37°E, 0.00°S), Manado (124.92°E, 1.55°N), and Biak (136.10°E, 1.18°S). The horizontal scale of the landmass around Pontianak is more than 100km, while those of Manado and Biak are 10–100km. At all three WPR sites, peak rain rate was detected during 1300–1500 local time (LT) by rain gauges. WPR observations showed that deep convective clouds were predominant during that period. There was a clear difference in the afternoon-to-evening precipitation among the three WPR sites. At Pontianak, the afternoon-to-evening precipitation has the characteristics of a mesoscale convective system (MCS). Stratiform precipitation after the peak deep convective rain rate was predominant, and the transition from convective precipitation to stratiform precipitation was clearly apparent during 1500–2000LT. Black body brightness temperature (Tbb) observed by MTSAT-1R satellite also indicated that the precipitation clouds had enough horizontal scale to be well organized as an MCS. At Manado and Biak, the peak rain rate in the early afternoon was characterized by a short period (1–2h), and the precipitation after the convective precipitation was not clear. Tbbdata showed that the convective precipitation had a horizontal scale of 10–100km. The difference of precipitation features among the three WPR sites is considered to be caused by the difference of horizontal scales of the respective landmasses. The diurnal precipitation cycle was also investigated using 11 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data. A 3G68 product with a horizontal resolution of 0.5° could not resolve peak rain rate in the early afternoon at Manado and Biak, where convective clouds developed with the 10–100km horizontal scale. Surface rain data with a horizontal resolution of 0.1° were produced using the TRMM precipitation radar (PR) 2A25 product. This high-horizontal-resolution data set successfully detected the peak convective rain rate in the early afternoon at Manado and Biak.