Antibacterial Activity of Terpenes and Terpenoids Present in Essential Oils
Antibacterial Activity of Terpenes and Terpenoids Present in Essential Oils
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DOI：
10.3390/molecules24132471
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Scherer, Rodrigo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guimaraes, Aline Cristina;Meireles, Leandra Martins;Scherer, Rodrigo
背景资料：精油的抗微生物活性已经在数百项研究中报道，然而，这些研究中的绝大多数将活性归因于最常见的化合物，而没有独立地分析它们。因此，目的是研究精油中常见的33种游离萜烯的抗菌活性，并评估细胞超微结构，以验证对细胞膜的可能损伤。研究方法：进行筛选以选择具有可能的抗菌活性的物质，然后通过标准方案评价最小抑菌浓度、杀菌活性和24小时时间-杀灭曲线研究。此外，通过扫描电子显微镜观察对照菌和死亡菌的超微结构。结果：33个化合物中只有16个在初步筛选时具有抗菌活性。丁香酚对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌具有快速杀菌作用（2 h）。松油醇对S.金黄色葡萄球菌菌株。卡维醇、香茅醇和香叶醇对大肠杆菌有快速杀菌作用。杆菌结论：较高的抗微生物活性与羟基（酚类和醇类化合物）的存在有关，而烃类导致活性较低。第一组，如香芹酚，l-香芹酚，丁香酚，反式香叶醇，和百里酚，表现出较高的活性相比，磺胺。通过扫描电子显微镜获得的图像表明，导致评价细菌细胞死亡的机制是基于细胞膜功能完整性的丧失。目前的研究带来了关于精油中存在的单个化合物的抗菌活性的详细知识，可以为未来的研究提供更好的理解。
Background: The antimicrobial activity of essential oils has been reported in hundreds of studies, however, the great majority of these studies attribute the activity to the most prevalent compounds without analyzing them independently. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the antibacterial activity of 33 free terpenes commonly found in essential oils and evaluate the cellular ultrastructure to verify possible damage to the cellular membrane. Methods: Screening was performed to select substances with possible antimicrobial activity, then the minimal inhibitory concentrations, bactericidal activity and 24-h time-kill curve studies were evaluated by standard protocols. In addition, the ultrastructure of control and death bacteria were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Only 16 of the 33 compounds had antimicrobial activity at the initial screening. Eugenol exhibited rapid bactericidal action against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (2 h). Terpineol showed excellent bactericidal activity against S. aureus strains. Carveol, citronellol and geraniol presented a rapid bactericidal effect against E. coli. Conclusions: The higher antimicrobial activity was related to the presence of hydroxyl groups (phenolic and alcohol compounds), whereas hydrocarbons resulted in less activity. The first group, such as carvacrol, l-carveol, eugenol, trans-geraniol, and thymol, showed higher activity when compared to sulfanilamide. Images obtained by scanning electron microscopy indicate that the mechanism causing the cell death of the evaluated bacteria is based on the loss of cellular membrane integrity of function. The present study brings detailed knowledge about the antimicrobial activity of the individual compounds present in essential oils, that can provide a greater understanding for the future researches.