Utilization of palm solid residue as a source of renewable and sustainable energy in Malaysia
Utilization of palm solid residue as a source of renewable and sustainable energy in Malaysia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.214
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发表时间：
2014-12
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
S. E. Hosseini;M. Wahid
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. E. Hosseini;M. Wahid
如今，全球能源消费者沉迷于天然气、石油和煤炭等化石燃料。尽管人们预计化石燃料将很快耗尽，但这些燃料仍然作为世界主要能源来源占据主导地位。最近，人们已经做出了许多努力来替代可再生替代燃料，以减少对化石燃料的依赖。生物质作为最早的能源之一，由于其丰富的资源和对环境无害的特性，似乎是最有前途的可再生能源。由于马来西亚是一个以农业为主的热带国家，该地区种植许多农作物，如棕榈、水稻和甘蔗。马来西亚棕榈油工业产生大量棕榈固体残渣（PSR）生物质，例如空果串（EFB）、棕榈纤维、壳、树干和叶状副产品，这些副产品可以纳入该国的能源结构。本文概述了马来西亚棕榈油行业 PSR 的产生及其社会和经济影响。事实上，PSR 直接燃烧的性能在 PSR 成分、性质、热值、排放及其对设备或锅炉部件的影响方面已经进行了审查。研究发现，棕榈工业PSR的水分含量非常高，使得其收集和运输成本高昂，因此能量转换过程可能效率低下，而在棕榈油厂内利用这些材料似乎更有利。
Today, global energy consumers are addicted to fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil and coal. Although it has been anticipated that fossil fuels will be depleted soon, these fuels are still dominant as the primary source of energy in the world. Recently, many efforts have been done to substitute renewable alternative fuels to reduce dependency on fossil fuels. Biomass as one of the earliest energy sources appears to be the most promising renewable energy source due to its numerous resources and its environmentally sound characteristics. Since Malaysia is agriculture based tropical country, many crops such as palm, paddy rice and sugarcane are cultivated in this region. Malaysian palm oil industry generate huge amounts of palm solid residue (PSR) biomass such as empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm fiber, shell, trunks and fronds as byproducts which are capable to be taken into account in the energy mix of the country. In this paper, an overview of the PSR generation from Malaysian palm oil industries and its social and economic effects has been given. Indeed, performance of the direct combustion of PSR in terms of PSR composition, properties, heating value, emissions and its effects on the equipment or the components of the boilers have been reviewed. It has been found that the very high moisture content of PSR of palm industry makes their collection and transportation expensive, therefore energy conversion process could be inefficient and utilization of these materials inside the palm oil mills seems more beneficial.