Landscape Context Mediates Avian Habitat Choice in Tropical Forest Restoration
Landscape Context Mediates Avian Habitat Choice in Tropical Forest Restoration
复制标题
景观环境调节热带森林恢复中鸟类栖息地的选择
作者：
J. L. Reid;C. Mendenhall;J. A. Rosales;R. Zahawi;K. Holl
鸟类既促进了森林恢复，又从森林恢复中繁荣起来。鸟类发挥的生态系统功能可以加快森林更新的步伐，相应地增加鸟类和其他依赖森林的物种的可用栖息地。这项研究的目的是了解热带森林恢复处理如何与景观树木覆盖相互作用，以影响不同鸟类组合的结构和组成。我们在哥斯达黎加南部的13个修复地点和两个古老的森林中进行了两年多的鸟类群落采样。在各种景观背景下，在退化的农田上建立了修复地点，每个地点包括0.25公顷的种植园、岛屿处理(成片种植的树木)和未种植的对照。我们分析了鸟类群落的四个属性，包括食果动物丰富度、蜜食动物丰富度、候鸟昆虫丰富度以及恢复样地鸟类群落组成与老森林鸟类群落的相似性。种植园和/或海岛的所有四个鸟类群落变量都比对照处理大。在恢复样地周围的景观中，食果性和食蜜性动物的丰度随着树木盖度的增加而降低，而在乔木盖度较高的景观中嵌入的人工林中，与古老森林的组成相似性最大。迁徙昆虫的丰富度不受景观树木覆盖的影响。我们的结果与之前的研究结果一致，这些研究表明，增加对主动恢复的投资水平与鸟类丰富度和丰富度呈正相关，但景观树木覆盖对觅食协会和群落组成的影响的差异表明，生物多样性保护和鸟类介导的生态系统功能之间的权衡可能对于优先选择恢复地点很重要。
Birds both promote and prosper from forest restoration. The ecosystem functions birds perform can increase the pace of forest regeneration and, correspondingly, increase the available habitat for birds and other forest-dependent species. The aim of this study was to learn how tropical forest restoration treatments interact with landscape tree cover to affect the structure and composition of a diverse bird assemblage. We sampled bird communities over two years in 13 restoration sites and two old-growth forests in southern Costa Rica. Restoration sites were established on degraded farmlands in a variety of landscape contexts, and each included a 0.25-ha plantation, island treatment (trees planted in patches), and unplanted control. We analyzed four attributes of bird communities including frugivore abundance, nectarivore abundance, migrant insectivore richness, and compositional similarity of bird communities in restoration plots to bird communities in old-growth forests. All four bird community variables were greater in plantations and/or islands than in control treatments. Frugivore and nectarivore abundance decreased with increasing tree cover in the landscape surrounding restoration plots, whereas compositional similarity to old-growth forests was greatest in plantations embedded in landscapes with high tree cover. Migrant insectivore richness was unaffected by landscape tree cover. Our results agree with previous studies showing that increasing levels of investment in active restoration are positively related to bird richness and abundance, but differences in the effects of landscape tree cover on foraging guilds and community composition suggest that trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and bird-mediated ecosystem functioning may be important for prioritizing restoration sites.