Two approaches to estimating the effect of parenting on the development of executive function in early childhood.
Two approaches to estimating the effect of parenting on the development of executive function in early childhood.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0033647
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发表时间：
2014-02
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Family Life Project Investigators
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blair C;Raver CC;Berry DJ;Family Life Project Investigators
在本文中，我们对比了两种分析方法，对 1,292 名 36 至 60 个月大的儿童进行纵向评估，以评估养育方式与执行功能发展之间的关系。儿童接受了新开发并经过验证的 6 项执行功能任务，涉及抑制控制、工作记忆和注意力转移。残留变化分析表明，较高质量的养育（表现为在较早和较晚的时间点广泛使用的养育措施中得分较高）预示着 60 个月时执行功能会有更积极的增益。潜在变化评分模型，其中养育和执行功能随时间的推移保持纵向测量不变性标准，提供了养育质量变化与执行功能变化之间关联的额外证据。在这些模型中，交叉滞后路径表明，除了养育预测执行功能的变化之外，执行功能还双向预测养育质量的变化。添加了儿童性别、种族、母亲教育和家庭收入需求比等协变量后，结果十分稳健。讨论了两种分析方法的优点和缺点，并根据新兴的方法创新来考虑研究结果，以测试执行功能的可塑性和对经验影响的开放程度。
In the current article, we contrast 2 analytical approaches to estimate the relation of parenting to executive function development in a sample of 1,292 children assessed longitudinally between the ages of 36 and 60 months of age. Children were administered a newly developed and validated battery of 6 executive function tasks tapping inhibitory control, working memory, and attention shifting. Residualized change analysis indicated that higher quality parenting as indicated by higher scores on widely used measures of parenting at both earlier and later time points predicted more positive gain in executive function at 60 months. Latent change score models in which parenting and executive function over time were held to standards of longitudinal measurement invariance provided additional evidence of the association between change in parenting quality and change in executive function. In these models, cross-lagged paths indicated that in addition to parenting predicting change in executive function, executive function bidirectionally predicted change in parenting quality. Results were robust with the addition of covariates, including child sex, race, maternal education, and household income-to-need. Strengths and drawbacks of the 2 analytic approaches are discussed, and the findings are considered in light of emerging methodological innovations for testing the extent to which executive function is malleable and open to the influence of experience.