Americans' COVID-19 Stress, Coping, and Adherence to CDC Guidelines
Americans' COVID-19 Stress, Coping, and Adherence to CDC Guidelines
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DOI：
10.1007/s11606-020-05898-9
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发表时间：
2020-05-29
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Becker, Jessica
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Park, Crystal L.;Russell, Beth S.;Becker, Jessica
记录美国人对前所未有的大流行病的压力反应以及他们对CDC指南的遵守程度对于心理健康干预和政策制定至关重要。目的提供COVID-19对美国人压力、应对和指南遵守的直接影响的第一个快照。设计数据是从2020年4月7日至9日的在线工人调查研究平台（亚马逊的Mechanical Turk）收集的。当前数据代表纵向研究的基线。采用了确保高质量数据的最佳做法。参与者18岁或以上，居住在美国，讲英语的个人有资格参加这项研究。在1086个独特的回答中，包括1015个完整的回答。设置基于人口的。主要结果COVID-19压力源的暴露和压力、应对策略以及对CDC指南的遵守。结果547例患者中女性占53.9%，平均年龄38.9岁（SD = 13.50，范围= 18-88），大多数为白色（n = 836，82.4%），非西班牙裔（n = 929，91.5%），直/异性恋（n = 895，88.2%）; 40%目前已婚（n = 407），21.6%（n = 219）是照顾者。大约一半（50.5%）的人赞成至少“大部分”有足够的钱来满足他们的需求。受访者在美国各地的位置从东北部的18.5%到南部的37.8%不等。最常见的压力源是阅读/听说COVID-19的严重性和传染性、对隔离期和社交距离要求的不确定性，以及社交和日常个人护理程序的变化。财务问题被认为是最有压力的。年轻的年龄，女性性别，和照顾者的地位增加的风险，压力暴露和更大程度的压力。最常见的管理压力的策略是分散注意力，积极应对，寻求情感社会支持。CDC指南的依从性普遍较高，但几个关键的社交距离和卫生行为显示出次优的依从性，特别是男性和年轻人。结论和相关性美国人有很高的COVID-19压力暴露，一些人口统计学亚组似乎特别容易受到压力的影响。不太可能遵守CDC指南的亚组可能会从有针对性的信息宣传活动中受益。这些研究结果可以指导心理健康干预措施，并为有关具体公共卫生措施影响的决策提供信息。
Importance Documenting Americans' stress responses to an unprecedented pandemic and their degree of adherence to CDC guidelines is essential for mental health interventions and policy-making. Objective To provide the first snapshot of immediate impact of COVID-19 on Americans' stress, coping, and guideline adherence. Design Data were collected from an online workers' platform for survey research (Amazon's Mechanical Turk) from April 7 to 9, 2020. The current data represents the baseline of a longitudinal study. Best practices for ensuring high-quality data were employed. Participants Individuals who are 18 years of age or older, living in the USA, and English-speaking were eligible for the study. Of 1086 unique responses, 1015 completed responses are included. Setting Population-based. Main Outcomes Exposure to and stressfulness of COVID-19 stressors, coping strategies, and adherence to CDC guidelines. Results The sample was 53.9% women (n = 547), with an average age of 38.9 years (SD = 13.50, range = 18-88), most of whom were White (n = 836, 82.4%), non-Hispanic (n = 929, 91.5%), and straight/heterosexual (n = 895, 88.2%); 40% were currently married (n = 407), and 21.6% (n = 219) were caregivers. About half (50.5%) endorsed having at least "mostly" enough money to meet their needs. Respondents' locations across the USA ranged from 18.5% in the Northeast to 37.8% in the South. The most commonly experienced stressors were reading/hearing about the severity and contagiousness of COVID-19, uncertainty about length of quarantine and social distancing requirements, and changes to social and daily personal care routines. Financial concerns were rated most stressful. Younger age, female gender, and caregiver status increased risk for stressor exposure and greater degree of stressfulness. The most frequently reported strategies to manage stress were distraction, active coping, and seeking emotional social support. CDC guideline adherence was generally high, but several key social distancing and hygiene behaviors showed suboptimal adherence, particularly for men and younger adults. Conclusions and Relevance Americans have high COVID-19 stress exposure and some demographic subgroups appear particularly vulnerable to stress effects. Subgroups less likely to adhere to CDC guidelines may benefit from targeted information campaigns. these findings may guide mental health interventions and inform policy-making regarding implications of specific public health measures.