Perinatal loss and neurological abnormalities among children of the atomic bomb. Nagasaki and Hiroshima revisited, 1949 to 1989.
Perinatal loss and neurological abnormalities among children of the atomic bomb. Nagasaki and Hiroshima revisited, 1949 to 1989.
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原子弹爆炸儿童的围产期损失和神经系统异常。
DOI：
10.1001/jama.1990.03450050063029
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Schull
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Yamazaki;W. Schull
对广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸幸存者的研究表明，在宫内暴露于电离辐射的人，围产期损失显著增加，发育中的胎儿大脑易受伤害。这些研究还有助于确定人类大脑发育中特别容易受到与辐射有关的损害的阶段。在发育的关键时刻暴露会增加智力低下、头小、随后癫痫发作以及在常规智力测试和学校中表现不佳的风险。最关键的时期，受精后8至15周，对应于发育过程中神经元产量增加，未成熟神经元迁移到其皮质功能部位的时期。然而，流行病学数据过于稀少，无法明确地确定剂量-反应函数的性质，特别是是否存在损害的阈值。如果阈值确实存在，那么在这个脆弱的妊娠期，它似乎在0.10-0.20-Gy胎儿剂量范围内。
Studies of the survivors of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki who were exposed to ionizing radiation in utero have demonstrated a significant increase in perinatal loss and the vulnerability of the developing fetal brain to injury. These studies have also helped to define the stages in the development of the human brain that are particularly susceptible to radiation-related damage. Exposure at critical junctures in development increases the risk of mental retardation, small head size, subsequent seizures, and poor performance on conventional tests of intelligence and in school. The most critical period, 8 through 15 weeks after fertilization, corresponds to that time in development when neuronal production increases and migration of immature neurons to their cortical sites of function occurs. The epidemiologic data are, however, too sparse to settle unequivocally the nature of the dose-response function and, in particular, whether there is or is not a threshold to damage. If a threshold does exist, it appears to be in the 0.10- to 0.20-Gy fetal-dose range in this vulnerable gestational period.