Development and dynamics of cell polarity at a glance
Development and dynamics of cell polarity at a glance
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DOI：
10.1242/jcs.188599
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Montell, Denise J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campanale, Joseph P.;Sun, Thomas Y.;Montell, Denise J.
细胞表现出形态和分子不对称性，大致可分为细胞极性。早期胚胎中建立的细胞极性预示着成年动物的宏观解剖不对称特征。例如，卵子和早期胚胎具有RNA和蛋白质的极化分布，产生整体前/后和背/腹轴。使胚胎极化的分子程序随后在多种情况下重复使用。上皮细胞需要顶端/基底极性来建立其屏障功能。迁移细胞在运动方向上极化，形成独特的前导和尾随结构。不对称分裂的干细胞在其自身和子细胞之间分配不同的分子。细胞极性可以从头开始发展，通过细胞分裂维持并动态重塑。在这篇《细胞科学概览》评论和海报中，我们描述了几种细胞环境中细胞极性背后的分子不对称性。我们强调多个发育系统，首先建立细胞/发育极性，然后维持它。我们的海报展示了 Par、Scribble 和 Crumbs 极性复合物的重复使用，这些复合物推动了许多细胞类型和生物体中细胞极性的发展。然后，我们简要讨论细胞迁移、不对称细胞分裂和平面极化组织过程中发生的细胞极性的多样化和动态变化。
Cells exhibit morphological and molecular asymmetries that are broadly categorized as cell polarity. The cell polarity established in early embryos prefigures the macroscopic anatomical asymmetries characteristic of adult animals. For example, eggs and early embryos have polarized distributions of RNAs and proteins that generate global anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes. The molecular programs that polarize embryos are subsequently reused in multiple contexts. Epithelial cells require apical/basal polarity to establish their barrier function. Migrating cells polarize in the direction of movement, creating distinct leading and trailing structures. Asymmetrically dividing stem cells partition different molecules between themselves and their daughter cells. Cell polarity can develop de novo, be maintained through rounds of cell division and be dynamically remodeled. In this Cell Science at a Glance review and poster, we describe molecular asymmetries that underlie cell polarity in several cellular contexts. We highlight multiple developmental systems that first establish cell/developmental polarity, and then maintain it. Our poster showcases repeated use of the Par, Scribble and Crumbs polarity complexes, which drive the development of cell polarity in many cell types and organisms. We then briefly discuss the diverse and dynamic changes in cell polarity that occur during cell migration, asymmetric cell division and in planar polarized tissues.