(RE-)DISCOVERING THE AUDIENCE
(RE-)DISCOVERING THE AUDIENCE
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（重新）发现观众
DOI：
10.1080/1369118x.2012.665467
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Loosen;Jan
当前的技术、组织和制度变革从根本上改变了新闻业与受众之间的关系，不仅对新闻实践产生了影响，而且对媒体研究的理论和方法问题也产生了影响。在简要叙述了三个角度的观众，本文概述了包容的社会学理论的关键方面，并阐述了他们在一个新的和全面的启发式模型的观众包容在新闻。它介绍了两个结构，适用于新闻和观众：（1）包容性的表现，包括包容性的做法和他们的显着成果，（2）包容性的预期substantial的态度，规范和观念方面的观众在新闻包容。记者与受众表现的一致性程度被解释为包容水平，期望之间的一致性程度被解释为包容距离。这一模式可以作为一个启发式的经验操作，有助于系统化现有的和未来的研究数字网络媒体和新闻到一个连贯的社会学框架，也是开放的参与其他社会系统的比较研究。
Current technological, organizational and institutional changes fundamentally alter the relationship between journalism and its audience – with consequences not only for journalistic practice, but also for theoretical and methodological issues of media research. After briefly recounting three perspectives on the audience, the paper outlines key aspects of the sociological theory of inclusion and explicates them in a novel and comprehensive heuristic model of audience inclusion in journalism. It introduces two constructs which apply both to journalism and the audience: (1) inclusion performance subsumes inclusion practices and their manifest results, and (2) inclusion expectations subsume attitudes, norms and perceptions with respect to audience inclusion in journalism. The degree of congruence between performances of journalists and audience members is interpreted as inclusion level; the degree of congruence between the expectations is interpreted as inclusion distance. This model can serve as a heuristic for empirical operationalization, helps to systematize existing and future research on digital networked media and journalism into a coherent sociological framework and is also open for comparative research on participation in other social systems.