PREDICTING THE SUMMER TEMPERATURE OF SMALL STREAMS IN SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN 1
PREDICTING THE SUMMER TEMPERATURE OF SMALL STREAMS IN SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN 1
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预测威斯康星州西南部小溪流的夏季气温 1
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lizhu Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Gaffield;K. Potter;Lizhu Wang
摘要：管理中西部冷水流的最大挑战之一是了解流温度是如何由气象过程、通道几何形状和地下水流入之间的复杂相互作用控制的。冷地下水的流入、河岸植被的遮阴和河道宽度是控制夏季河流温度的最重要因素。一个简单的筛选模型被用来定量评估这些因素的重要性，并指导管理决策。该模型使用热传输方程的解析解来预测整个河段的稳态温度。该模型与威斯康星州西南部四条溪流的实地数据匹配得很好（通常在1°C以内），并有助于解释观察到的沿着每条溪流的变暖和变冷趋势。地下水流入整个河流河段的分布对河流温度有重要影响，泉水在为鱼类提供热避难所方面特别有效。虽然简单，这个模型提供了深入了解地下水的重要性和不同的管理策略，如种植树木，以增加树荫，可能对夏季溪流温度的影响。
ABSTRACT: One of the biggest challenges in managing cold water streams in the Midwest is understanding how stream temperature is controlled by the complex interactions among meteorologic processes, channel geometry, and ground water inflow. Inflow of cold ground water, shade provided by riparian vegetation, and channel width are the most important factors controlling summer stream temperatures. A simple screening model was used to quantitatively evaluate the importance of these factors and guide management decisions. The model uses an analytical solution to the heat transport equation to predict steady‐state temperature throughout a stream reach. The model matches field data from four streams in southwestern Wisconsin quite well (typically within 1°C) and helps explain the observed warming and cooling trends along each stream reach. The distribution of ground water inflow throughout a stream reach has an important influence on stream temperature, and springs are especially effective at providing thermal refuge for fish. Although simple, this model provides insight into the importance of ground water and the impact different management strategies, such as planting trees to increase shade, may have on summer stream temperature.