Small tools for sweet challenges: advances in microfluidic technologies for glycan synthesis
Small tools for sweet challenges: advances in microfluidic technologies for glycan synthesis
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00216-022-03948-1
复制
发表时间：
2022-02
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Ferra Pinnock;S. Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferra Pinnock;S. Daniel
聚糖，包括寡糖和糖缀合物，在调节大分子的生物学功能中起着不可或缺的作用。许多生理和病理过程由聚糖之间的相互作用介导，这导致使用聚糖作为用于病原体和生物标志物检测的生物传感器。阐明聚糖结构和生物学功能之间的关系对于促进我们对聚糖对人类健康和疾病的影响的理解以及扩大可用于生物分析，特别是诊断的聚糖库至关重要。这些努力受到难以获得足够量的均匀聚糖样品的限制，所述样品需要解析聚糖结构与其对给定糖缀合物的结构或调节功能之间的确切关系。合成策略为克服这些技术障碍提供了一条可行的途径。近年来，微流体技术已成为实现高通量和可重复合成均质聚糖的强大工具，用于功能研究。这一重要的审查为读者提供了一个概述的微流控技术，已开发的化学和酶聚糖合成。与使用微反应器平台，以提高糖基化反应的可扩展性，生产力和选择性的优点和局限性将进行讨论，以及建议未来的工作，可以解决某些陷阱。
Glycans, including oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, play an integral role in modulating the biological functions of macromolecules. Many physiological and pathological processes are mediated by interactions between glycans, which has led to the use of glycans as biosensors for pathogen and biomarker detection. Elucidating the relationship between glycan structure and biological function is critical for advancing our understanding of the impact glycans have on human health and disease and for expanding the repertoire of glycans available for bioanalysis, especially for diagnostics. Such efforts have been limited by the difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities of homogenous glycan samples needed to resolve the exact relationships between glycan structure and their structural or modulatory functions on a given glycoconjugate. Synthetic strategies offer a viable route for overcoming these technical hurdles. In recent years, microfluidics have emerged as powerful tools for realizing high-throughput and reproducible syntheses of homogenous glycans for the potential use in functional studies. This critical review provides readers with an overview of the microfluidic technologies that have been developed for chemical and enzymatic glycan synthesis. The advantages and limitations associated with using microreactor platforms to improve the scalability, productivity, and selectivity of glycosylation reactions will be discussed, as well as suggested future work that can address certain pitfalls.