Recovery of a Wild Fish Population from Whole-Lake Additions of a Synthetic Estrogen
Recovery of a Wild Fish Population from Whole-Lake Additions of a Synthetic Estrogen
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DOI：
10.1021/es5060513
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发表时间：
2015-03-03
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Postma, Lianne D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Blanchfield, Paul J.;Kidd, Karen A.;Postma, Lianne D.
尽管人们普遍认识到，城市废水中含有天然和合成雌激素，干扰了世界各地淡水中鱼类的发育和繁殖，但关于接触这些化合物后自然鱼类种群能够恢复的程度，数据有限。我们对避孕药中的一种有效成分(17α-乙炔基雌二醇；EE2)进行了全湖添加，导致了愚头鱼(Pimephales Proelas)种群的崩溃。在这里，我们量化了在停止添加EE2后7年内这一群体的生理、种群和遗传特征，以确定是否有可能完全恢复。治疗3年后，雄性笨头鱼全身卵黄蛋白原浓度已恢复到基线水平，睾丸无异常。到第四年春季，成虫的大小-频率分布和丰度已恢复到处理前的水平。微卫星分析清楚地表明，恢复后的鱼类是最初接受EE2处理的种群的后代。这项全湖实验的结果表明，鱼类可以通过种群水平在生化水平上从EE2暴露中恢复过来，尽管这样做的时间线对于多代暴露来说是漫长的。这些结果表明，减少雌激素及其模拟物排放的废水处理设施可以改善其接收环境中居民鱼类种群的健康。
Despite widespread recognition that municipal wastewaters contain natural and synthetic estrogens, which interfere with development and reproduction of fishes in freshwaters worldwide, there are limited data on the extent to which natural populations of fish can recover from exposure to these compounds. We conducted whole-lake additions of an active component of the birth control pill (17 alpha-ethynylestradiol; EE2) that resulted in the collapse of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) population. Here we quantify physiological, population, and genetic characteristics of this population over the 7 years after EE2 additions stopped to determine if complete recovery was possible. By 3 years post-treatment, whole-body vitellogenin concentrations in male fathead minnow had returned to baseline, and testicular abnormalities were absent. In the spring of the fourth year, adult size-frequency distribution and abundance had returned to pretreatment levels. Microsatellite analyses clearly showed that postrecovery fish were descendants of the original EE2-treated population. Results from this whole-lake experiment demonstrate that fish can recover from EE2 exposure at the biochemical through population levels, although the timelines to do so are long for multigenerational exposures. These results suggest that wastewater treatment facilities that reduce discharges of estrogens and their mimics can improve the health of resident fish populations in their receiving environments.