Causes of individual differences in adolescent optimism: a study in Dutch twins and their siblings.
Causes of individual differences in adolescent optimism: a study in Dutch twins and their siblings.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00787-015-0680-x
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发表时间：
2015-11
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Bartels M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mavioğlu RN;Boomsma DI;Bartels M
本研究的目的是调查遗传和环境影响在多大程度上影响青少年乐观主义的变化。采用生活取向测验修订版（LOT-R）对来自荷兰双胞胎登记处（NTR）的5,187名青少年双胞胎和999名非双胞胎兄弟姐妹的乐观（3项和6项方法）和悲观进行了评估。男性的乐观情绪得分明显高于女性，而女性的悲观情绪得分更高。遗传结构方程模型显示，乐观和悲观情绪的方差约有三分之一是由于加性遗传效应，其余的方差由非共享的环境效应解释。双变量相关因子模型显示两个维度的遗传相关性为-0.57（CI-0.67，-0.47），而非共享的环境相关性估计为-0.21（CI-0.25，-0.16）。无论是共享环境的影响，非加性的遗传影响，也没有定量的性别差异被发现这两个方面。这一结果表明，青少年乐观的个体差异主要是由非共享的环境因素。这些环境因素并没有促成家庭成员的相似性，而是促成了他们之间的差异。在青少年中评估的乐观主义和悲观主义的家族相似性完全是由家庭成员之间的遗传重叠引起的。
The aim of this study was to investigate the degree to which genetic and environmental influences affect variation in adolescent optimism. Optimism (3 items and 6 items approach) and pessimism were assessed by the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) in 5,187 adolescent twins and 999 of their non-twin siblings from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR). Males reported significantly higher optimism scores than females, while females score higher on pessimism. Genetic structural equation modeling revealed that about one-third of the variance in optimism and pessimism was due to additive genetic effects, with the remaining variance being explained by non-shared environmental effects. A bivariate correlated factor model revealed two dimensions with a genetic correlation of −.57 (CI −.67, −.47), while the non-shared environmental correlation was estimated to be −.21 (CI −.25, −.16). Neither an effect of shared environment, non-additive genetic influences, nor quantitative sex differences was found for both dimensions. This result indicates that individual differences in adolescent optimism are mainly accounted for by non-shared environmental factors. These environmental factors do not contribute to the similarity of family members, but to differences between them. Familial resemblance in optimism and pessimism assessed in adolescents is fully accounted for by genetic overlap between family members.