"It's because We are 'Loose Girls' That's why We had Children with MINUSTAH Soldiers": A Qualitative Analysis of Stigma Experienced by Peacekeeper-Fathered Children and Their Mothers in Haiti.
"It's because We are 'Loose Girls' That's why We had Children with MINUSTAH Soldiers": A Qualitative Analysis of Stigma Experienced by Peacekeeper-Fathered Children and Their Mothers in Haiti.
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DOI：
10.1177/08862605211072178
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发表时间：
2022-12
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Bartels, Susan Andrea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vahedi, Luissa;Stuart, Heather;Etienne, Stephanie;Wisner, Sandra;Lee, Sabine;Bartels, Susan Andrea
联合国维持和平人员在执行任务期间实施的性虐待和性剥削是对人权的侵犯，破坏了维持和平特派团所在国维护人权的目标。除幸存者外，维持和平人员所生的儿童也是SEA的受害者，需要保护。耻辱感会给东南亚地区幸存者及其维和父亲的子女带来负面的生命历程后果。然而，关于后殖民背景下东南亚裔幸存者及其子女的污名化经历的实证研究相当缺乏。本研究以联合国海地稳定特派团为例，研究SEA幸存者及其后代遭受耻辱的生活经历，从而解决了这一知识差距。2017年，我们对抚养由维和人员抚养的孩子的海地妇女进行了18次定性半结构化访谈，并根据Link和Phelan的污名化概念模型组织了定性代码。正如Link和Phelan所描述的那样，污名化过程通过标签、刻板印象、分离、地位丧失和歧视等主题进行了探讨。此外，我们通过讨论家庭接受度、皮肤表型和海地环境的缓冲作用，细致入微地描述了耻辱的生活经历。这些发现对联合国具有启示意义。我们主张，污名化应得到承认，并作为对SEA幸存者及其子女的基本保护问题采取行动。因此，联合国有义务为受害者和投诉人提供与耻辱有关的支持，并为维和人员留下的儿童提供长期支助。
Sexual abuse and exploitation (SEA) perpetrated by UN peacekeepers while on mission is a violation of human rights and undermines the goal of upholding human rights in countries that host peacekeeping missions. In addition to survivors, children fathered by peacekeepers are also victims of SEA that need protection. Stigma poses negative life course consequences for SEA survivors and their peacekeeper-fathered children. However, there is a considerable lack of empirical research concerning the stigma experiences of SEA survivors and their children in post-colonial contexts. The present study addresses this knowledge gap by drawing on The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti as a case study to examine the lived experiences of stigma among SEA survivors and their resultant children. Using 18 qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted in 2017 with Haitian women raising peacekeeper-fathered children, we organized qualitative codes according to Link and Phelan’s conceptual model of stigma. The stigmatization process was explored through the themes of labeling, stereotyping, separation, and status loss and discrimination, as described by Link and Phelan. In addition, we nuanced the lived experiences of stigma by discussing the buffering roles of familial acceptance, skin phenotype, and the Haitian context. The findings have implications for the UN. We advocate that stigma be recognized and acted upon as a fundamental protection concern for SEA survivors and their children. Accordingly, the UN has an obligation to provide stigma-related supports for victims and complainants as well as to facilitate long-term child support for the children left behind by peacekeepers.
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