Measurement and analysis of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from a mechanically ventilated swine confinement building in North Carolina
Measurement and analysis of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from a mechanically ventilated swine confinement building in North Carolina
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.040
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Westerman, Phillip W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Blunden, Jessica;Aneja, Viney P.;Westerman, Phillip W.
对北卡罗来纳州东部一个商业养猪场的肥育猪舍的大气氨氮(NH3-N，其中NH3-N=(14/17)NH3)和硫化氢(H2S)的排放进行了测量。在四个不同的季节，NH3-N和H_2S的连续同步排放在大约一周的时间内进行。养猪的数量从850头到900头不等，平均体重从38公斤到88公斤不等。NH3-N平均浓度在冬季和春季最高，分别为8.91+/-4.61和8.44+/-2.40ppm，夏季和秋季较低，分别为2.45+/-1.14和4.27+/-0.71ppm。冬季、春季、夏季和秋季测得的平均H_2S浓度分别为673+/-282、429+/-223、47+/-18和304+/-88 ppb。一般来说，冬季、春季和秋季的硫化氢浓度比NH3-N低一个数量级，夏季则低两个数量级。冬季和夏季的平均环境温度为5.5-22.3摄氏度，而出风口的平均谷仓温度为19.0-26.0摄氏度。秋季平均通风量为253m(-3)min(-1)，夏季为1024m(3)min(-1)，春季NH3-N和H2S总排放量最高，分别为4519+/-1639g/d(-1)和481+/-142g/d(-1)。NH3-N在秋季(904+/-568g N day(-1))和夏季(82+/-49g Nday(-1))的排放量最低。归一化NH3-N排放速率冬春季最高(33.6+/-21.9和30.6+/-11.1gNday(-1)AU(-1)，其中1AU(动物单位)=500 kg)，夏秋季最低(24.3+/-12.4和11.8+/-7.4gNday(-1)AU(-1))。归一化H_2S排放量冬春季最高(4.2+/-2.1和3.3+/-1.0gday(-1)AU(-1))，夏秋两季最低(1.2+/-0.7和1.7+/-0.5gday(-1 AU(-1)。(C)2007爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Emissions of atmospheric ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N, where NH3-N = (14/17)NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were measured from a finishing swine confinement house at a commercial pig farm in eastern North Carolina. Continuous simultaneous NH3-N and H2S emissions were made for similar to 1-week period during four different seasons. The number of pigs contained in the house varied from similar to 850 to 900 with average weights ranging from similar to 38 to 88 kg. Average NH3-N concentrations were highest during the winter and spring sampling periods, 8.91 +/- 4.61 and 8.44 +/- 2.40 ppm, respectively, and lower during the summer and fall, 2.45 +/- 1.14 and 4.27 +/- 0.71 ppm, respectively. Measured average H2S concentrations were 673 +/- 282, 429 +/- 223, 47 +/- 18, and 304 +/- 88 ppb during winter, spring, summer, and fall, respectively. Generally, the H2S concentrations were approximately an order of magnitude less than NH3-N during winter, spring, and fall, and two orders of magnitude smaller during the summer season.The average ambient temperature ranged from 5.5 to 22.3 degrees C while the average barn temperature measured at the outlet fans ranged from 19.0 to 26.0 degrees C in the winter and summer, respectively. The average fan ventilation rates varied from 253 m(3) min(-1) during the fall sampling period to 1024 m(3) min(-1) during summer.Calculated total emission rates for both NH3-N and H2S were highest during the spring, 4519 +/- 1639 g N day(-1) and 481 +/- 142 g day(-1), respectively. Emissions were lowest during the fall season for NH3-N (904 +/- 568 g N day(-1)) and the summer season for H2S (82 +/- 49 g day(-1)). Normalized NH3-N emission rates were highest in winter and spring (33.6 +/- 21.9 and 30.6 +/- 11.1 g N day(-1) AU(-1), where 1 AU (animal unit) = 500 kg) and lowest during summer and fall (24.3 +/- 12.4 and 11.8 +/- 7.4 g N day(-1) AU(-1)). Normalized H2S emissions were highest during the winter and spring seasons (4.2 +/- 2.1 and 3.3 +/- 1.0 g day(-1) AU(-1)) and were lowest in summer and fall (1.2 +/- 0.7 and 1.7 +/- 0.5 g day(-1) AU(-1)). (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.