Plant exploitation in Neolithic Sudan: A review in the light of new data from the cemeteries R12 and Ghaba
Plant exploitation in Neolithic Sudan: A review in the light of new data from the cemeteries R12 and Ghaba
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新石器时代苏丹的植物开发：根据 R12 和 Ghaba 墓地的新数据进行回顾
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.066
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Out W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Out W
人们对苏丹引进驯化作物知之甚少。直到最近，关于谷物小麦和大麦的大量早期证据主要局限于西岛新石器时代后，公元前三千年前的kerma遗址，而史前发现通常很少。有趣的是，最近对埋藏植物沉积物中的植物岩和努比亚新石器时代中期墓地R12和苏丹中部Ghaba新石器时代早期墓地中牙石中的植物岩和淀粉的分析，将苏丹和埃及驯化谷物的引入时间推迟了500年，大约在7000年前。本文介绍了来自R12和Ghaba的新的植物鉴定，证实了早期的数据，并提供了关于植物在埋葬背景下使用的新信息，包括在Ghaba加工的panicoid草的迹象。此外，本文还概述了中石器时代和新石器时代苏丹的考古植物学数据，并提供了有关中全新世埃及遗址的草开发信息，从而可以进一步解释R12和Ghaba数据。来自R12和Ghaba的墓葬，与其他地点的类似发现相支持，表明普遍证实的中全新世墓葬提供了一个有价值的档案，可以大大提高对新石器时代苏丹野生和驯化植物重要性的理解。此外，努比亚出人意料地早出现了驯化谷物小麦和大麦，这一发现得到了后期发现的支持，提出了至少从新石器时代中期开始在该地区进行谷物种植的假设。
Little is known about the introduction of domesticated crops in Sudan. Substantial early evidence of the cereals wheat and barley has, until recently, been mainly restricted to the post-Neolithic, third millennium BC pre-Kerma site on Sai Island, and prehistoric finds in general are scarce. Interestingly, an analysis of phytoliths from plant depositions within burials and phytoliths and starch from dental calculus from the Nubian Middle Neolithic cemetery R12 and the Early Neolithic cemetery of Ghaba in Central Sudan has recently set back the date of domesticated cereal introduction in Sudan and Egypt by 500 years to around 7000 years ago.This paper presents new plant identifications from R12 and Ghaba that confirm the earlier data and give new information on the use of plants in burial contexts, including indications of processing of panicoid grasses at Ghaba. In addition, the paper presents an overview of the archaeobotanical data from Mesolithic and Neolithic Sudan and provides information about grass exploitation of mid-Holocene Egyptian sites that enables further interpretation of the R12 and Ghaba data. The grave goods from R12 and Ghaba, supported by comparable finds from other sites, show that the commonly attested mid-Holocene cemeteries offer a valuable archive that can substantially improve the understanding of the importance of both wild and domesticated plants in Sudan at the time of Neolithisation. In addition, the unexpected early presence of the domesticated cereals wheat and barley in Nubia, supported by finds from later periods, raises the hypothesis that cereal cultivation was practiced in this region from at least the Middle Neolithic onwards.
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影响因子：
1.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.2307/1786288
发表时间：
1935
期刊：
The Geographical Journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. Thompson
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Patricia Anderson;Jacques Chabot;A. V. Gijn
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