Omics for the study of probiotic microorganisms
Omics for the study of probiotic microorganisms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foodres.2013.01.029
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发表时间：
2013-11
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Borja Sánchez;L. Ruiz;M. Gueimonde;A. Margolles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Borja Sánchez;L. Ruiz;M. Gueimonde;A. Margolles
益生菌是活的微生物，适量施用时可为宿主带来健康益处。它们主要但不限于乳杆菌属和双歧杆菌属的细菌。传统上，食品工业使用这些细菌时考虑到它们的技术行为，而没有过多关注它们的生物效应。然而，当前的组学技术提供了一系列高通量方法，对于揭示益生菌的有益作用非常有用，可以合理选择具有特定健康促进活性的菌株，将其纳入功能性食品中。几种乳酸菌和双歧杆菌菌株的基因组序列现已公开，为组学技术（主要是转录组学、蛋白质组学和宏基因组学）在益生菌新兴领域的实施提供了基础。使用它们的目的是了解这些细菌潜在有益作用背后的生物过程，例如它们的免疫调节活性、与肠道病原体竞争的能力、肠道定植过程以及与宿主的串扰机制。此外，它们可用于确定稳健性标记，这有助于预测它们在食品制造技术过程中和通过胃肠道期间的性能，包括对不同应激因素的抵抗力。这篇综述总结了组学如何有助于理解益生菌的功能及其作用机制。
Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. They are mainly, although not exclusively, bacteria from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Traditionally, these bacteria have been used by the food industry taking into account their technological behavior, without paying much attention to their biological effects. However, current omics technologies provide a range of high-throughput methods which are extremely useful for unraveling the beneficial effects of probiotics, allowing a rational selection of strains, with specific health-promoting activities, to be included in functional foods.The genome sequence of severalLactobacillusandBifidobacteriumstrains is now available, and provides the basis for the implementation of omics technologies (mainly transcriptomics, proteomics, and metagenomics) in the emerging field of probiotics. They have been used with the aim of understanding the biological processes behind the potential beneficial effects attributed to these bacteria, such as their immunomodulatory activity, the capacity to compete with enteropathogens, the intestinal colonization processes, and the crosstalk mechanisms with the host. Furthermore, they are useful to determine markers of robustness, which can help to predict their performance under the technological processes in food manufacturing and during the passage through the gastrointestinal tract, including resistance to different stress factors. This review summarizes how omics are contributing to understanding the functions of probiotics and their mechanisms of action.