Social class differences in N400 indicate differences in spontaneous trait inference.
Social class differences in N400 indicate differences in spontaneous trait inference.
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N400 中的社会阶层差异表明自发特质推断的差异。
DOI：
10.1037/a0026104
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kitayama,Shinobu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Varnum,MichaelEW;Na,Jinkyung;Murata,Asuka;Kitayama,Shinobu
一个新兴的文献表明，社会行为的因果归因的倾向性偏见是较弱的工人阶级（与中产阶级）背景的人。然而，目前尚不清楚这种差异是否也存在于自发形式的特质推理。在目前的工作中，美国大学生被要求仅仅记住许多配对的目标面孔和特征暗示行为。在随后的词汇判断任务中，在每个面孔被呈现为固定之后，一个隐含的特征或其反义词被作为目标。正如预期的那样，受过大学教育的父母（中产阶级）的参与者表现出强烈的N400事件相关的潜在成分的反义词（与隐含的特质），这表明在记忆阶段的自发特质推理。相比之下，那些父母受过高中教育的人（工人阶级）没有表现出这种影响。值得注意的是，N400自发特质推理效应与性格在解释社会行为方面的感知重要性相关。
An emerging literature indicates that dispositional bias in causal attribution of social behavior is weaker for people with working-class (vs. middle-class) backgrounds. However, it is unknown whether this difference is also present in spontaneous forms of trait inference. In the current work, American undergraduates were asked to merely memorize many pairings of a target face and a trait-implying behavior. In a subsequent lexical judgment task, after each face was presented as a fixation, either an implied trait or its antonym was given as a target. As expected, participants with college-educated parents (middle class) showed a strong N400 event-related potential component to the antonym (vs. the implied trait), suggesting spontaneous trait inference during the memorization phase. In contrast, those with high-school-educated parents (working class) showed no such effect. It is important to note that the N400 spontaneous trait inference effect was associated with perceived significance of dispositions in accounting for social behaviors.