Temperature , Test Scores , and Human Capital Production
Temperature , Test Scores , and Human Capital Production
复制标题
温度、考试成绩和人力资本生产
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jisung Park
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jisung Park
温度如何影响人力资本生产过程？来自 450 万纽约市高中毕业考试的证据表明，高温暴露可能会影响短期和长期的教育表现。相对于 72°F 的日子，在 90°F 的日子参加考试会导致考试成绩下降，相当于黑人与白人成绩差距的四分之一，并且还会对长期教育成果产生重大影响，导致科目考试不及格的可能性增加 12.3%，按时高中毕业的可能性降低 2.5%。此外，上一学年过程中累积的高温暴露可能会降低结业考试分数中的学习率，从而控制考试当天温度的短期影响。教师们试图通过有选择地提高考试时特别炎热的学生的成绩来抵消考试日热应激的一些影响，这可能是对教室空调水平较低的反应。 *作者衷心感谢 Larry Katz、Andrei Shleifer、Robert Stavins、Geoffrey Heal、Raj Chetty、Joe Aldy、Claudia Goldin、Edward Glaeser、Jim Stock、Sendhil Mullainathan、Melissa Dell、Michael Kremer、Josh Goodman、Jonah Rockoff、Jeff Miron、Peter Huybers、Daniel Schrag、Max Auffhammer、Sol Hsiang、Olivier Deschenes 以及众多研讨会参与者哈佛大学、哥伦比亚大学、加州大学伯克利分校、牛津大学、IZA、首尔国立大学、纽约市卫生部、NBER 夏季学院以及比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会提供宝贵的意见和反馈。还要感谢纽约市教育部提供的数据访问，以及 Nicolas Cerkez、Rodrigo Leal、Kevin Eskici 和 William Shaw 提供的出色研究帮助。所有剩余的错误都是我自己造成的。感谢哈佛环境经济学项目、国家科学基金会和哈佛气候变化解决方案基金的资助。
How does temperature affect the human capital production process? Evidence from 4.5 million New York City high school exit exams indicates that heat exposure may affect educational performance in both the short and long run. Taking an exam on a 90◦F day relative to a 72◦F day results in a reduction in exam performance that is equivalent to a quarter of the Black-White achievement gap, and meaningfully affects longer-run educational outcomes as well, leading to a 12.3% higher likelihood of failing a subject exam and a 2.5% lower likelihood of on-time high school graduation. Furthermore, cumulative heat exposure over the course of the preceding school year may reduce the rate of learning as seen in exit exam scores, controlling for the short-run effect of exam day temperature. Teachers try to offset some of the impacts of exam day heat stress by selectively boosting grades for students who experience particularly hot exam sittings, perhaps in response to low levels of classroom air conditioning. ∗The author would like to thank Larry Katz, Andrei Shleifer, Robert Stavins, Geoffrey Heal, Raj Chetty, Joe Aldy, Claudia Goldin, Edward Glaeser, Jim Stock, Sendhil Mullainathan, Melissa Dell, Michael Kremer, Josh Goodman, Jonah Rockoff, Jeff Miron, Peter Huybers, Daniel Schrag, Max Auffhammer, Sol Hsiang, Olivier Deschenes and numerous seminar participants at Harvard, Columbia, UC Berkeley, Oxford, IZA, Seoul National, the NYC Department of Health, the NBER Summer Institute and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for valuable comments and feedback. Thanks also to the NYC Department of Education for data access, and to Nicolas Cerkez, Rodrigo Leal, Kevin Eskici, and William Xiao for excellent research assistance. All remaining errors are my own. Funding from the Harvard Environmental Economics Program, the National Science Foundation, and the Harvard Climate Change Solutions Fund is gratefully acknowledged.
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
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影响因子：
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作者：
Raj Chetty;Nathaniel Hendren;Lawrence Katz
通讯作者：
Raj Chetty;Nathaniel Hendren;Lawrence Katz
DOI：
10.1093/qje/qjr013
发表时间：
2011-05-01
期刊：
The quarterly journal of economics
影响因子：
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作者：
Chetty R;Friedman JN;Olsen T;Pistaferri L
通讯作者：
Pistaferri L