Deconcentrating Poverty With Housing Programs
Deconcentrating Poverty With Housing Programs
复制标题
通过住房计划分散贫困
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kirk McClure
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kirk McClure
问题：过去的住房计划加剧了集中贫困的问题。应审查目前为极低收入家庭（包括购房者和租房者）提供服务的住房方案，以确定这些方案在多大程度上帮助家庭进入贫困程度较低的社区。目的：这项研究旨在帮助规划人员了解解决住房负担能力问题的各种办法如何能够促进贫困分散进程。研究方法：来自住房和城市发展部的行政数据被用来评估联邦住房计划在多大程度上帮助低收入购房者和租房者安置在低于10%的人口处于贫困线以下的社区。结果和结论：在帮助低收入家庭安置在低贫困地区方面，补贴家庭应该比补贴住房单元更有效，而一个家庭是租房还是买房不应该影响一个计划是否成功地分散了穷人。然而，对几个住房项目的国家数据集的分析发现，上述两个命题都不成立。发放给家庭的住房券并没有比目前基于项目的补贴更有效地帮助租房者在低贫困地区定居。事实证明，土地保有权也很重要;与低收入租房者相比，低收入购房者在低贫困社区的比例高得不成比例。练习要点：我建议住房规划者寻求使贫困分散更有效地使用住房安置顾问，在大都市规模管理计划，直接租赁和经纪市场价格住房，促进混合收入LIHTC发展，实践包容性分区，并监测这些努力的影响。研究支持：美国住房和城市发展部。
Problem: Housing programs of the past have exacerbated the problems of concentrated poverty. Current housing programs serving very low-income households, including homebuyers as well as renters, should be examined to determine the extent to which they help households make entry into neighborhoods with low concentrations of poverty. Purpose: This research is designed to assist planners in understanding how well various approaches to resolving housing affordability problems can facilitate the poverty deconcentration process. Methods: Administrative data from the Department of Housing and Urban Development are used to assess the degree to which federal housing programs help lowincome homebuyers and renters locate in neighborhoods where less than 10% of the population is below poverty. Results and conclusions: Subsidizing households ought to be more effective than subsidizing housing units at helping lowincome households locate in low-poverty areas, and whether a household rents or buys should not matter to whether a program succeeds at deconcentration of the poor. Yet, analysis of national datasets across several housing programs finds neither of the previous propositions to be true. Housing vouchers suppliedto households are not helping renters locate in low-poverty areas any more effectively than are current project-based subsidies. It also turns out that tenure matters; a disproportionately higher share of low-income homebuyers are locating in low-poverty neighborhoods than are lowincome renters. Takeaway for practice: I recommend that housing planners seeking to make poverty deconcentration more effective use housing placement counselors, administer programs at the metropolitan scale, lease and broker market-rate housing directly, promote mixed-income LIHTC developments, practice inclusionary zoning, and monitor the impacts of these efforts. Research support: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.