Premenopausal social status and hormone exposure predict postmenopausal atherosclerosis in female monkeys
Premenopausal social status and hormone exposure predict postmenopausal atherosclerosis in female monkeys
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DOI：
10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01659-3
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发表时间：
2002-03-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Clarkson, TB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaplan, JR;Manuck, SB;Clarkson, TB
目的：确定雌性猴子绝经前的社会从属地位是否可以预测绝经后动脉粥样硬化，以及长期暴露于避孕类固醇或绝经后激素替代是否会改变这种效应。 方法：将一百七十七 (177) 只按五六只一组饲养的绝经前食蟹猴（食蟹猴）喂食对于一半的动物来说，致动脉粥样硬化饮食还含有口服避孕药（OC）。根据行为观察，个人被判断为社会主导或从属。 26个月后，对动物进行卵巢切除，对髂动脉粥样硬化进行活检，并在接下来的36个月内喂食三种含有大豆蛋白的致动脉粥样硬化饮食之一：1）不含植物雌激素； 2) 植物雌激素完好无损； 3) 不含植物雌激素加结合马雌激素。还评估了血浆脂质和月经周期。最后，对所有动物进行尸检，并测量冠状动脉和髂动脉的动脉粥样硬化程度。结果：绝经前社会地位和 OC 暴露的相互作用预测绝经后冠状动脉动脉粥样硬化 (P = .02)。未接受 OC 的从属动物发生的冠状动脉粥样硬化是类似未治疗的优势动物的两倍 (P < .01)，绝经前 OC 暴露可减轻这一结果 (P < .01)。这些影响发生在绝经后治疗组中，并且与血浆脂质的变化无关。在髂动脉中也观察到了相同的关联，并且在绝经前和绝经后也有类似的程度。激素数据表明，未经治疗的绝经前下属可能缺乏雌激素。结论：绝经前的社会从属会加剧绝经后动脉粥样硬化，这种效应可能是由雌激素缺乏介导的，本文表明绝经前接触 OC 可以预防这种情况。这些结果的发生与绝经后治疗无关。 (c) 2002 年，美国妇产科医师学会。
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether premenopausal social subordination in female monkeys predicts postmenopausal atherosclerosis, and whether any such effect is altered by chronic exposure to contraceptive steroids or postmenopausal hormone replacement.METHODS: One hundred seventy-seven (177) premenopausal cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) housed in social groups of five or six were fed an atherogenic diet that, for half of the animals, also contained an oral contraceptive (OC). Individuals were judged socially dominant or subordinate based on behavioral observations. After 26 months animals were oophorectomized, biopsied for iliac atherosclerosis, and for the next 36 months were fed one of three atherogenic diets containing soy protein: 1) phytoestrogen-free; 2) phytoestrogens intact; and 3) phytoestrogen-free plus conjugated equine estrogens. Plasma lipids and menstrual cyclicity were also assessed. Finally, all animals were necropsied and the extent of atherosclerosis measured in the coronary and iliac arteries.RESULTS: The interaction of premenopausal social status and OC exposure predicted postmenopausal coronary artery atherosclerosis (P = .02). Subordinate animals not receiving OCs developed twice the coronary atherosclerosis of similarly untreated dominants (P < .01), an outcome mitigated by premenopausal OC exposure (P < .01). These effects occurred across postmenopausal treatment groups and independent of variation in plasma lipids. The same associations were observed in the iliac arteries, and, to a similar extent, both pre- and postmenopausally. Hormone data suggest that untreated premenopausal subordinates may have been estrogen deficient.CONCLUSION: Premenopausal social subordination exacerbates postmenopausal atherosclerosis, an effect possibly mediated by estrogen deficiency and shown here to be prevented by premenopausal OC exposure. These results occur irrespective of postmenopausal treatment. (c) 2002 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.