Inferring the geographic origins of ''refugee'' chimpanzees in Uganda from mitochondrial DNA sequences
Inferring the geographic origins of ''refugee'' chimpanzees in Uganda from mitochondrial DNA sequences
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96272.x
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发表时间：
1997-12-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Goldberg, TL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldberg, TL
由于森林砍伐、采矿和其他破坏黑猩猩栖息地的做法，非洲的野生黑猩猩数量正在迅速下降(汉密尔顿1981；斯特鲁萨克1981；汉密尔顿1984；韦伯1987；特尔基；霍华德1991；哈考特1996)。在国际宠物市场上猎杀黑猩猩以获取食物和进行交易加剧了这一趋势。宠物贸易造成了特别大的破坏；每一只存活到最终目的地的黑猩猩幼崽就至少有10只死亡(Teleki，1989)。这些威胁的第二个后果是“难民”黑猩猩种群的激增。越来越多的被没收的黑猩猩被挤进了拥挤的动物园和康复中心。在黑猩猩生活的大多数国家，保护资源极其稀缺。了解黑猩猩被捕获的主要区域可以帮助政府指导保护工作，并以最佳方式分配执法资源。确定圈养黑猩猩的来源也有助于重新引入黑猩猩。重新引入通常是有问题的(Campbell，1980)，作为黑猩猩的前景，相对来说还没有被探索过。然而，从理论上讲，如果能够确定这一点，个体可以重新引入其出生的种群。更现实的是，整个圈养种群可以被重新安置到岛屿上，或者转移到生态上合适但没有人居住的大陆栖息地(例如，黑猩猩已经灭绝的森林)。了解圈养黑猩猩的地理来源对
Wild chimpanzee populations in Africa are rapidly declining due to deforestation, mining, and other practices that destroy chimpanzee habitat (Hamilton 1981; Struhsaker 1981; Hamilton 1984; Weber 1987; Teleki 1989; Howard 1991; Harcourt 1996). The hunting of chimpanzees for food and for trade on the international pet market exacerbates this trend. The pet trade has been particularly damaging; at least 10 chimpanzee infants die for every one that survives to its final destination (Teleki 1989). A secondary consequence of these threats is the proliferation of" refugee" chimpanzee populations. Increasing numbers of confiscated chimpanzees are being crowded into underftnded zoos and rehabilitation centers. In most countries in which chimpanzees live, conservation resources are desperately scarce. Knowing the principal areas from which chimpanzees are being captured could help governments direct conservation efforts and distribute law-enforcement resources optimally. Determining the origins of captive chimpanzees could also help with reintroduction efforts. Reintroduction is generally problematic (Campbell 1980) and is relatively unexplored as a prospect for chimpanzees. Nevertheless, individuals could in theory be reintroduced to their natal populations if these could be determined. More realistically, entire captive populations could be relocated to islands or to ecologically suitable but unoccupied mainland habitats (eg, forests from which chimpanzees have become extinct). Knowing the geographic origins of captive chimpanzees would be invaluable for