Wildlife-friendly farming increases crop yield: evidence for ecological intensification.
Wildlife-friendly farming increases crop yield: evidence for ecological intensification.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2015.1740
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发表时间：
2015-10-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bullock JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pywell RF;Heard MS;Woodcock BA;Hinsley S;Ridding L;Nowakowski M;Bullock JM
生态集约化已被推广为一种手段，通过增强调节和支持生产的生态系统功能，实现环境上可持续的作物产量增长。然而，几乎没有直接证据表明种植全球重要食品（谷物、油籽和豆类）的商业农场的生态集约化可以带来产量效益。我们重复了两种处理方法，将田边 3% 或 8% 的土地从生产中移除，以在英格兰中部 900 公顷商业耕地的 50-60 公顷土地上创建野生动物栖息地，并将这些处理与照常控制（不移除土地）进行比较。在对照田地中，田边作物产量减少了 38%。在这些低产地区创造栖息地导致了田间作物面积的产量增加，这种积极影响在六年内变得更加明显。因此，尽管为了创造栖息地而损失了耕地，但田间规模的产量得以维持，而且某些作物的产量实际上有所提高。这些结果表明，在五年的轮作中，就货币价值或营养能量而言，不会对总产量产生不利影响。这项研究清楚地表明，支持生态系统服务的野生动物友好型管理与作物产量兼容，甚至可以提高作物产量。
Ecological intensification has been promoted as a means to achieve environmentally sustainable increases in crop yields by enhancing ecosystem functions that regulate and support production. There is, however, little direct evidence of yield benefits from ecological intensification on commercial farms growing globally important foodstuffs (grains, oilseeds and pulses). We replicated two treatments removing 3 or 8% of land at the field edge from production to create wildlife habitat in 50–60 ha patches over a 900 ha commercial arable farm in central England, and compared these to a business as usual control (no land removed). In the control fields, crop yields were reduced by as much as 38% at the field edge. Habitat creation in these lower yielding areas led to increased yield in the cropped areas of the fields, and this positive effect became more pronounced over 6 years. As a consequence, yields at the field scale were maintained—and, indeed, enhanced for some crops—despite the loss of cropland for habitat creation. These results suggested that over a 5-year crop rotation, there would be no adverse impact on overall yield in terms of monetary value or nutritional energy. This study provides a clear demonstration that wildlife-friendly management which supports ecosystem services is compatible with, and can even increase, crop yields.