Comparative transcriptome analysis of basal and zygote-located tip regions of peanut ovaries provides insight into the mechanism of light regulation in peanut embryo and pod development.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of basal and zygote-located tip regions of peanut ovaries provides insight into the mechanism of light regulation in peanut embryo and pod development.
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花生子房基部和受精卵尖端区域的比较转录组分析有助于深入了解花生胚和豆荚发育中的光调节机制
DOI：
10.1186/s12864-016-2857-1
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发表时间：
2016-08-11
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Zhao S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Y;Wang P;Xia H;Zhao C;Hou L;Li C;Gao C;Wang X;Zhao S
在正常的昼夜光周期下，花生合子通常分裂几次形成原胚，之后胚胎发育停止。然而，子房会继续伸长，形成向下生长的类似 peg（果针）的结构。当果针埋入土壤中时，胚胎在黑暗中恢复发育。果针的胚胎所在区域（ER）开始膨大并形成荚果，而果针的基部区域（BR）有着不同的命运。控制这些独特的胚胎发育过程的分子机制尚不清楚。
在这项研究中，组织学分析表明，从授粉后4天到入土后3天，花生原胚在形态上保持相似。到入土后9天，胚胎已转变为球形胚。转录组分析揭示了果针入土前后ER和BR中差异表达的基因。除了光信号和植物激素代谢基因外，我们还在ER中鉴定出有助于胚胎发育和荚果形成过程的差异表达基因，包括MADS - box转录因子、木葡聚糖内转葡糖基酶/水解酶蛋白、纤维素合酶、同源异型盒 - 亮氨酸拉链（HD - Zip）蛋白家族基因、氨基酸通透酶以及种子生长和胚胎形态发生调节因子（DA1、TCP3和YABBY）。
发现在三个果针发育阶段，ER和BR中有大量基因差异表达。在早期胚胎和荚果发育过程中，ER中的基因表达也有确切的变化。这些信息为理解花生早期荚果形成的机制提供了更广泛的知识基础。
本文的网络版（doi:10.1186/s12864 - 016 - 2857 - 1）包含补充材料，授权用户可获取。
BackgroundPeanut zygotes typically divide a few times to form a pre-embryo before further embryonic development halts under normal day/night photoperiods. Ovary elongation, however, continuesforming a downward growing peg-like structure. When the peg is buried in the soil, embryo development resumes in the darkness. The embryo-located region (ER) of the peg begins to enlarge and form a pod, while the basal region (BR) of the peg has a distinct fate. The molecular mechanisms governing these unique embryo development processes are unknown.ResultsIn this study, histological analysis demonstrated that from 4 days after pollination to 3 days after soil penetration, the peanut pre-embryo remained morphologically similar. By 9 days after soil penetration, the embryo had changed to a globular embryo. Transcriptome analysis revealed differentially expressed genes in the ER and BR before and after peg soil penetration. In addition to light signaling and plant hormone metabolism genes, we identified differentially expressed genes in the ER that contribute to embryo development and pod formation processes, including MADS-box transcription factors, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein, cellulose synthase, homeobox-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) protein family genes, amino acid permease, and seed growth and embryo morphogenesis regulators (DA1, TCP3, and YABBY).ConclusionsA large number of genes were found to be differentially expressed in the ER and BR across three developmental peg stages. Exact changes in gene expression were also identified in the ER during early embryo and pod development. This information provides an expanded knowledgebase for understanding the mechanisms of early peanut pod formation.