Five ways to stay green
Five ways to stay green
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DOI：
10.1093/jexbot/51.suppl_1.329
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发表时间：
2000-02-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Howarth, CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thomas, H;Howarth, CJ
描述了叶片生命周期中碳收入和碳支出之间的关系，并与改变衰老启动时间的生产力效益有关。在叶片衰老延缓的遗传变异体中，叶片衰老期间光合作用机构的破坏可以部分或完全防止。尽管保持绿色的表型在表面上在所有物种和基因型中都是相似的，但遗传和生理途径是不同的。在一种类型的绿色植物中，叶绿素分解代谢被禁用。豆类和单子叶植物的色素分解损伤进行了讨论。高粱是另一种保持绿色的例子，在这种情况下，多年生趋势已被培育成一年生单果作物品种。简要讨论了转基因方法(增强内源细胞分裂素、减少乙烯产生或感知)。获得持久绿色表型的另一种途径是通过数量性状定位和标记辅助选择。珍珠谷子的绿色性基因已被鉴定，其中一些与干旱反应或开花时间有关。最后，讨论了作为提高生产力的角色对保持绿色的限制问题。
The relationship between carbon income and expenditure over the life of a leaf is described and related to the productivity benefits of altering the timing of senescence initiation. In genetic variants with delayed leaf senescence ('stay-greens') deconstruction of the photosynthetic apparatus during leaf senescence is partially or completely prevented. Although the stay-green phenotype is superficially similar in all species and genotypes, the genetic and physiological routes to the trait are diverse. In one type of stay-green, chlorophyll catabolism is disabled. Legumes and monocots with pigment breakdown lesions are discussed. Sorghum is presented as an example of another kind of stay-green in which perennial tendencies have been bred into a monocarpic annual crop species. Transgenic approaches are briefly discussed (enhanced endogenous cytokinins, reduced ethylene production or perception). An alternative route towards making a stay-green phenotype is through quantitative trait mapping and marker-assisted selection. Loci for greenness in pearl millet have been identified, some of which are associated with drought responses or flowering time. Finally the question of the limits on stay-green as a productivity-enhancing character is addressed.