The Deep Correlation between Energy Metabolism and Reproduction: A View on the Effects of Nutrition for Women Fertility.
The Deep Correlation between Energy Metabolism and Reproduction: A View on the Effects of Nutrition for Women Fertility.
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DOI：
10.3390/nu8020087
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发表时间：
2016-02-11
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Della Torre S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fontana R;Della Torre S
在整个进化过程中，雌性哺乳动物已经发展出一种机制，将环境、营养和激素因素结合起来，以保证在有利的能量条件下繁殖，并在食物短缺的情况下抑制繁殖。这种代谢策略在营养不良的环境中可能是一种优势，但现在正在影响女性的健康。营养物质的无限供应，加上能量消耗的减少，导致许多代谢途径的改变和能量代谢与生殖之间精细调节的相互关系的损害，从而影响到女性的生育能力。许多精力充沛的状态都可能影响女性生殖健康，体重过轻或过重、肥胖和剧烈的体育活动都是改变胰岛素和脂肪因子等特定激素的状况，从而损害妇女的生育能力。此外，特定种类的营养物质可能通过作用于特定的信号通路来影响女性的生育能力。饮食中的脂肪酸、碳水化合物、蛋白质和食物相关成分（如内分泌干扰物）本身具有生理活动，从数量和质量上看，它们摄入的不平衡可能损害绝经前妇女的代谢稳态和生育能力。尽管我们还远未确定一种“生育饮食”，但生活方式和饮食干预可能是一种有前途的、宝贵的策略，可以管理绝经前妇女的不孕症。
In female mammals, mechanisms have been developed, throughout evolution, to integrate environmental, nutritional and hormonal cues in order to guarantee reproduction in favorable energetic conditions and to inhibit it in case of food scarcity. This metabolic strategy could be an advantage in nutritionally poor environments, but nowadays is affecting women’s health. The unlimited availability of nutrients, in association with reduced energy expenditure, leads to alterations in many metabolic pathways and to impairments in the finely tuned inter-relation between energy metabolism and reproduction, thereby affecting female fertility. Many energetic states could influence female reproductive health being under- and over-weight, obesity and strenuous physical activity are all conditions that alter the profiles of specific hormones, such as insulin and adipokines, thus impairing women fertility. Furthermore, specific classes of nutrients might affect female fertility by acting on particular signaling pathways. Dietary fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins and food-associated components (such as endocrine disruptors) have per se physiological activities and their unbalanced intake, both in quantitative and qualitative terms, might impair metabolic homeostasis and fertility in premenopausal women. Even though we are far from identifying a “fertility diet”, lifestyle and dietary interventions might represent a promising and invaluable strategy to manage infertility in premenopausal women.