Near-road air pollution impacts of goods movement in communities adjacent to the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach
Near-road air pollution impacts of goods movement in communities adjacent to the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.042
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Winer, Arthur M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kozawa, Kathleen H.;Fruin, Scott A.;Winer, Arthur M.
一个移动平台配备了实时仪器，可以对洛杉矶港和长滩港附近社区的污染浓度进行空间表征，这些社区受到柴油货物运输相关排放的严重影响，重型柴油卡车（HDDT）对当地空气污染的影响最大。测量于2007年冬季和夏季在固定路线上进行，分别在上午和下午进行。与柴油相关的污染物浓度，如黑碳、一氧化氮、超细颗粒和颗粒结合的多环芳烃，在高速公路顺风150米范围内经常升高2至5倍（相比之下，超过150米），在柴油交通大量的主干道顺风150米范围内，经常升高2倍。虽然风向是与顺风影响相关的主要因素，但稳定和一致的风向并不需要产生：当给定区域在任何相当一部分时间内处于主要道路的顺风处时，就会观察到高影响。这表明，高速公路顺风处和繁忙主干道的污染加剧，会根据风向的不同，在道路的一边或另一边不断发生。被研究地区的柴油卡车车流量很高，高速公路上的高峰时速超过2000辆，主干道上的高峰时速为200到600辆。这些结果表明，同样频繁的影响发生在整个城市地区，大致比例柴油卡车的交通部分。因此，在繁忙道路附近或顺风处居住或工作的人接触到的柴油车相关污染，可能比在未受影响地点的环境测量所预测的要高出几倍。Elsevier Ltd.出版。
A mobile platform was outfitted with real-time instruments to spatially characterize pollution concentrations in communities adjacent to the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, communities heavily impacted by emissions related to dieselized goods movement, with the highest localized air pollution impacts due to heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDT). Measurements were conducted in the winter and summer of 2007 on fixed routes driven both morning and afternoon. Diesel-related pollutant concentrations such as black carbon, nitric oxide, ultrafine particles, and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were frequently elevated two to five times within 150 m downwind of freeways (compared to more than 150 m) and up to two times within 150 m downwind of arterial roads with significant amounts of diesel traffic. While wind direction was the dominant factor associated with downwind impacts, steady and consistent wind direction was not required to produce: high impacts were observed when a given area was downwind of a major roadway for any significant fraction of time. This suggests elevated pollution impacts downwind of freeways and of busy arterials are continuously occurring on one side of the road or the other, depending on wind direction. The diesel truck traffic in the area studied was high, with more than 2000 trucks per peak hour on the freeway and two- to six-hundred trucks per hour on the arterial roads studied. These results suggest that similarly-frequent impacts occur throughout urban areas in rough proportion to diesel truck traffic fractions. Thus, persons living or working near and downwind of busy roadways can have several-fold higher exposures to diesel vehicle-related pollution than would be predicted by ambient measurements in non-impacted locations. Published by Elsevier Ltd.