Is the Sensorimotor Cortex Relevant for Speech Perception and Understanding? An Integrative Review.
Is the Sensorimotor Cortex Relevant for Speech Perception and Understanding? An Integrative Review.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2016.00435
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Pulvermüller F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schomers MR;Pulvermüller F
在语言神经科学中，音素经常被描述为多模式单位，其神经元表征分布在大脑皮质周围区域，包括听觉和感觉运动区。不同的位置认为音素主要是具有后时间局部化的声学实体，在功能上独立于额顶发音程序。为了解决目前的争议，我们在这里讨论功能磁共振成像(FMRI)和经颅磁刺激(TMS)研究的实验结果。乍一看，一幅复杂的画面浮现出来，早期的研究记录了颞叶和额顶感觉运动系统中音素之间的神经功能差异，但最近的一些研究似乎未能复制后者。对研究方法差异的详细分析表明，实验的建立方式解释了感觉运动皮质是否在语音感知过程中映射语音信息。特别是，实验过程中的声学噪音和按下按钮任务引起的“马达噪音”会对音素的额顶表现产生不利影响。我们重点介绍了最近使用稀疏成像和被动语音感知任务以及多变量模式分析(MVPA)，特别是代表性相似性分析(RSA)的研究，它成功地将声学-语音过程从一般声学过程中分离出来，并在时间和额顶区域映射特定的语音信息。关于感觉运动皮质在言语知觉和理解中的因果作用的问题，通过回顾最近的TMS研究来解决。我们认为，包括腹侧运动区和体感区在内的额顶叶皮质在言语知觉过程中反映语音信息，并对语言理解产生因果影响。
In the neuroscience of language, phonemes are frequently described as multimodal units whose neuronal representations are distributed across perisylvian cortical regions, including auditory and sensorimotor areas. A different position views phonemes primarily as acoustic entities with posterior temporal localization, which are functionally independent from frontoparietal articulatory programs. To address this current controversy, we here discuss experimental results from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as well as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies. On first glance, a mixed picture emerges, with earlier research documenting neurofunctional distinctions between phonemes in both temporal and frontoparietal sensorimotor systems, but some recent work seemingly failing to replicate the latter. Detailed analysis of methodological differences between studies reveals that the way experiments are set up explains whether sensorimotor cortex maps phonological information during speech perception or not. In particular, acoustic noise during the experiment and ‘motor noise’ caused by button press tasks work against the frontoparietal manifestation of phonemes. We highlight recent studies using sparse imaging and passive speech perception tasks along with multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and especially representational similarity analysis (RSA), which succeeded in separating acoustic-phonological from general-acoustic processes and in mapping specific phonological information on temporal and frontoparietal regions. The question about a causal role of sensorimotor cortex on speech perception and understanding is addressed by reviewing recent TMS studies. We conclude that frontoparietal cortices, including ventral motor and somatosensory areas, reflect phonological information during speech perception and exert a causal influence on language understanding.
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