Increasing prevalence of avian poxvirus in Darwin's finches and its effect on male pairing success
Increasing prevalence of avian poxvirus in Darwin's finches and its effect on male pairing success
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0908-8857.2006.03503.x
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Dudaniec, RY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kleindorfer, S;Dudaniec, RY
岛屿人口拥有相对物种贫乏的病原体群落，往往导致幼稚宿主物种在面对新疾病时免疫力受损。超过95%的加拉帕戈斯鸟类已经在人类定居的400年中存活下来，但目前面临着由于引入疾病如禽痘病毒而带来的威胁。在夏威夷，下降的鸟类种群，甚至一些鸟类灭绝已归因于禽痘病毒，因此，确定禽痘病毒的流行和健身成本的加拉帕戈斯是一个保护的优先事项。2000年至2004年期间，对圣克鲁斯岛达尔文雀的禽痘病毒调查发现，地雀痘病变的患病率每年增加33%。2004年对三个岛屿（圣克鲁斯、弗洛里亚纳和伊萨贝拉）的痘流行率进行了比较，结果表明各岛屿的痘流行率存在显著差异（伊萨贝拉>圣克鲁斯>弗洛里亚纳）。发现达尔文雀物种受到痘病毒的不同影响，地雀的患病率高于树雀。有一个显着的影响栖息地，甚至在物种，在低地比高地的流行率更高。痘的患病率与性别或身体状况无关。然而，与没有痘的雄性（77%配对）相比，有痘证据的雄性小地雀Geospiza fuliginosa不太可能有配偶（16.6%配对），这表明与痘病毒感染相关的健身成本。
Island populations harbour a comparatively species-poor pathogen community, often resulting in naive host species that experience compromised immunity when faced with novel diseases. Over 95% of the Galapagos avifauna have survived 400 years of human settlement, yet currently face threats due to introduced diseases such as avian poxvirus. On Hawaii, declining populations of birds and even some extinctions have been attributed to avian poxvirus, and hence, identifying the prevalence and fitness costs of avian poxvirus on the Galapagos is a conservation priority. Surveys of avian poxvirus in Darwin's finches on Santa Cruz Island between 2000 and 2004 found a 33% annual increase in the prevalence of pox lesions in ground finches. Comparisons of pox prevalence on three islands (Santa Cruz, Floreana, and Isabela) were made in 2004, which indicated significant variation in pox prevalence across islands (Isabela > Santa Cruz > Floreana). Darwin's finch species were found to be differentially affected by poxvirus, with a higher prevalence in ground finches than in tree finches. There was a significant effect of habitat, even within species, with higher prevalence in the lowlands than highlands. Pox prevalence was not correlated with sex or body condition. However, male small ground finches Geospiza fuliginosa with evidence of pox were less likely to have a mate (16.6% paired) compared with males without pox (77% paired), indicating fitness costs associated with poxvirus infection.