Updates of pathologic myopia
Updates of pathologic myopia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.12.001
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
17.8
通讯作者：
Cheung, Chiu Ming Gemmy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ohno-Matsui, Kyoko;Lai, Timothy Y. Y.;Cheung, Chiu Ming Gemmy
病理性近视的并发症是视力障碍和失明的主要原因，特别是在东亚。患有病理性近视的眼睛可能会因黄斑、周边视网膜和视神经的各种病变而丧失最佳矫正视力。尽管病理性近视很重要，但其定义一直不一致。屈光不正或眼轴长度本身通常不足以反映“病理性近视”。后葡萄肿是病理性近视的标志性病变，也可能发生在非高度近视的眼睛中。最近提出了修订后的近视黄斑病分类系统，以标准化流行病学研究中的定义。在META-PM（病理性近视的荟萃分析）研究分类中，病理性近视被定义为脉络膜视网膜萎缩等于或大于弥漫性萎缩的眼睛。此外，光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和三维磁共振成像（3D MRI）等新成像技术的出现使得能够详细观察病理性近视特有的各种病理。玻璃体内注射抗血管内皮生长因子药物和玻璃体视网膜手术的进步等新的治疗方法极大地改善了病理性近视患者的预后。这篇综述文章的目的是提供病理性近视领域相关主题的最新信息，并概述未来需要解决的剩余问题。 (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Complications from pathologic myopia are a major cause of visual impairment and blindness, especially in east Asia. The eyes with pathologic myopia may develop loss of the best-corrected vision due to various pathologies in the macula, peripheral retina and the optic nerve.Despite its importance, the definition of pathologic myopia has been inconsistent. The refractive error or axial length alone often does not adequately reflect the 'pathologic myopia'. Posterior staphyloma, which is a hallmark lesion of pathologic myopia, can occur also in non-highly myopic eyes. Recently a revised classification system for myopic maculopathy has been proposed to standardize the definition among epidemiological studies. In this META-PM (meta analyses of pathologic myopia) study classification, pathologic myopia was defined as the eyes having chorioretinal atrophy equal to or more severe than diffuse atrophy.In addition, the advent of new imaging technologies such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and three dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) has enabled the detailed observation of various pathologies specific to pathologic myopia. New therapeutic approaches including intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and the advance of vitreoretinal surgeries have greatly improved the prognosis of patients with pathologic myopia. The purpose of this review article is to provide an update on topics related to the field of pathologic myopia, and to outline the remaining issues which need to be solved in the future. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.