DETERMINANTS OF CHORUS PARTICIPATION AND THE EFFECTS OF SIZE, WEIGHT AND COMPETITION ON ADVERTISEMENT CALLING IN THE TUNGARA FROG, PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS (LEPTODACTYLIDAE)
DETERMINANTS OF CHORUS PARTICIPATION AND THE EFFECTS OF SIZE, WEIGHT AND COMPETITION ON ADVERTISEMENT CALLING IN THE TUNGARA FROG, PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS (LEPTODACTYLIDAE)
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DOI：
10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80373-2
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发表时间：
1990-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
GREEN, AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GREEN, AJ
雄性东加拉蛙的个体交配成功率最好通过在合唱团活动中度过的夜晚数来预测，然而个体经常在合唱团中缺席几个晚上而不呼叫另一个站点。为了测试雄性是否会离开合唱团去觅食以支付呼叫的能量成本，雄性被分成四组，他们的呼叫被记录了3到5个晚上，其中一半被饿死，另一半被喂食。喂食对停止呼叫的雄性数量没有影响，也没有影响呼叫率、呼叫复杂性（次级音符数量）和合唱团随着时间的推移的变化。当它们被释放时，进食的雄性并不比饥饿的雄性更快地返回合唱团，也不太可能返回。播放一个大合唱的磁带增加了男性的数量存在于小的自然合唱。三个池的合唱团大小与前2天的最低温度呈正相关，与降雨量呈负相关。这些结果表明，男性是保守的合唱活动，因为合唱增加捕食风险，而不是因为他们需要觅食。雄性利用合唱团的大小，降雨量或温度的变化来选择那些提供降低捕食风险和增加交配机会的夜晚。播放一个大合唱的磁带，导致男性在一个小合唱团，以增加他们的呼叫率104%，他们的呼叫复杂性38%，和净能源成本呼叫70%。男性的大小和体重没有影响的平均呼叫率，呼叫复杂性或合唱领导的量，但与男性的最大呼叫率呈正相关，这种效果可能有助于更高的交配成功率较大的男性观察到以前。大小和重量没有影响的最大生产率的第二个音符，或对影响的回放通话率。重量与呼叫复杂性的相对增加，作为回放的结果;较大的男性使用相对较多的二级注意到较大的合唱，而较小的男性使用相对较多的小合唱。
The individual mating success of male tungara frogs is best predicted by the number of nights spent in chorus activity, yet individuals are often absent from the chorus for several nights without calling at another site. To test whether males leave the chorus to forage to pay the energy cost of calling, males were captured in groups of four and their calls were recorded over 3 or 5 nights, while half of them were starved and the others fed. Feeding had no effect on the number of males that stopped calling, or on the changes in call rate, call complexity (number of secondary notes) and chorus leading over time. When they were released, fed males did not return faster to the chorus, and were not more likely to return, than starved males. Playback of a tape of a large chorus increased the number of males present in the small natural chorus. Chorus size in three pools was positively correlated with the minimum temperature, and negatively correlated with the rainfall, over the previous 2 days. These results suggest that males are conservative in their chorusing activity because chorusing increases predation risk, not because they need to forage. Males use variation in chorus size, rainfall or temperature to select those nights that offer reduced predation risk and increased mating opportunities. Playback of a tape of a large chorus caused males in a small chorus to increase their call rate by 104%, their call complexity by 38%, and the net energy cost of calling by 70%. Male size and weight had no effect on the mean call rate, call complexity or the amount of chorus leading, but were positively correlated with the maximum call rate of males; this effect may contribute to the higher mating success of larger males observed previously. Size and weight had no effect on the maximum rate of production of secondary notes, or on the influence of playback on call rate. Weight was correlated with the relative increase in call complexity as a result of playback; larger males used relatively more secondary notes in larger choruses, whereas smaller males use relatively more in small choruses.