Does energy availability predict gastropod reproductive strategies?
Does energy availability predict gastropod reproductive strategies?
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能量可用性是否可以预测腹足动物的繁殖策略？
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2014.0400
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Josh R Auld
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. McClain;Ryan Filler;Josh R Auld
自然界中繁殖策略的多样性是由包括能量可用性在内的众多因素形成的。例如，低温和有限的食物供应都可能通过减缓发育、对浮游和/或摄食幼虫进行选择而增加幼虫遭受捕食的机会。两性畸形的频率可能会增加在低粮食供应的人口密度（因此配偶可用性）下降。我们研究了189个海洋腹足类家庭的生殖/生活史特征和能量可用性之间的关系。只有幼虫类型与能源供应的几率有营养幼虫与直接发展下降了1%，每增加一个单位的碳通量的平方根。同时雌雄同体也可能增加碳通量，但这种影响消失时，占类群之间的进化关系。我们的研究结果与一些理论和实证工作形成鲜明对比，这些工作表明随着生产力的下降，雌雄同体现象应该增加，浮游营养发育应该减少。相反，他们认为，一些生殖策略在食物供应量低的情况下能量消耗太大，或者只有在有能量的情况下才出现，而其他生殖策略则是为了利用聚集或增加能量供应的机会。
The diversity of reproductive strategies in nature is shaped by a plethora of factors including energy availability. For example, both low temperatures and limited food availability could increase larval exposure to predation by slowing development, selecting against pelagic and/or feeding larvae. The frequency of hermaphroditism could increase under low food availability as population density (and hence mate availability) decreases. We examine the relationship between reproductive/life-history traits and energy availability for 189 marine gastropod families. Only larval type was related to energy availability with the odds of having planktotrophic larvae versus direct development decreasing by 1% with every one-unit increase in the square root of carbon flux. Simultaneous hermaphroditism also potentially increases with carbon flux, but this effect disappears when accounting for evolutionary relationships among taxa. Our findings are in contrast to some theory and empirical work demonstrating that hermaphroditism should increase and planktotrophic development should decrease with decreasing productivity. Instead, they suggest that some reproductive strategies are too energetically expensive at low food availabilities, or arise only when energy is available, and others serve to capitalize on opportunities for aggregation or increased energy availability.