Harming is more intentional than helping because it is more probable:The underlying influence of probability on the Knobe effect
Harming is more intentional than helping because it is more probable:The underlying influence of probability on the Knobe effect
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伤害比帮助更有意，因为它更有可能：概率对诺贝效应的潜在影响
DOI：
10.1080/20445911.2017.1415345
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Kuninori Nakamura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
野瀬出・村井潤一郎;熊谷智博;Kuninori Nakamura
Knobe[2003.分析，63,190-194]分析表明，人们对副作用的意向性判断取决于副作用的结果，这表明人们对行为意向性的判断不仅取决于行为人的意图，还取决于行为的结果。然而，基于判断和决策的研究结果，本研究对Knobe(2003)的结果提出了另一个假设：参与者的意向性判断不仅与结果本身有关，而且与从行动中预测结果的概率有关。为了验证这一假设，本研究采用了与Knobe(2003)相同的实验程序，只是它不仅需要对公司总裁的行为所产生的结果进行意向性判断，还需要对结果进行概率判断。结果重复了Knobe(2003)的发现，并显示了概率和意向性判断之间的关系。
Knobe [2003. Intentional action and side effects in ordinary language.Analysis,63, 190–194] demonstrated that people’s intentionality judgments in side effects depend on the outcome of the side-effect, indicating that people’s judgments of intentionality of action depend on not only the intention of the actor but also on the result of the action. However, on the basis of findings in judgment and decision making, the current study proposes another hypothesis to Knobe’s (2003) results: the participants’ intentionality judgments are related to not only the outcomes themselves but also the probabilities of outcomes predicted from the action. To test this hypothesis, the present study employed an identical experimental procedure to Knobe (2003), except that it required not only intentionality but also probability judgments for outcomes that resulted from the actions of a company president. The results replicated the findings of Knobe (2003) and showed a relationship between probability and intentionality judgment.