From the Kuiper Belt to Jupiter-Family Comets: The Spatial Distribution of Ecliptic Comets☆
From the Kuiper Belt to Jupiter-Family Comets: The Spatial Distribution of Ecliptic Comets☆
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DOI：
10.1006/icar.1996.5637
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发表时间：
1997-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
H. Levison;M. Duncan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Levison;M. Duncan
我们提出了数千个无质量粒子的数值轨道积分，它们从柯伊伯带的海王星相遇轨道演化到1 Gyr，或者直到它们撞击一个大质量物体或被逐出太阳系。这些天体的动力学寿命中值为4.5 × 10.7年。我们发现大约30%的这些物体变成了可见的彗星。(我们指的是近日点距离为ht7的黄道彗星（tbbbb2），其大小与此绝对星等一致，起源于柯伊伯带。这个结论假定在太阳系的历史上，离开柯伊伯带的天体的速率大致保持不变。我们计算了这个星体的轨道分布，并表明在任何给定的时间内，约90%的星体都在海王星轨道之外。此外，我们还计算了这些物体对行星的撞击率。我们发现，JFC对木星的撞击大约每400年发生一次，对地球的撞击应该每1300万年发生一次。
Abstract We present numerical orbital integrations of thousands of massless particles as they evolve from Neptune-encountering orbits in the Kuiper belt for up to 1 Gyr or until they either impact a massive body or are ejected from the Solar System. The median dynamical lifetime of these objects is 4.5 × 10 7 years. We found that about 30% of these objects became visible comets. (We refer to a comet with perihelion distance H T 7 ecliptic comets (those with T > 2), of sizes consistent with this absolute magnitude, that originated in the Kuiper belt. This conclusion assumes that the rate of objects leaving the Kuiper belt has remained approximately constant over the history of the Solar System. We calculate the orbital distribution of this population and show that ∼90% are beyond the orbit of Neptune at any given time. In addition, we calculate the impact rates of these objects onto the planets. We find that a JFC impact onto Jupiter happens approximately once every 400 years and one on the Earth should occur once every 13 million years.