Mycosporine-like amino acids prevent UVB-induced abnormalities during early development of the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
Mycosporine-like amino acids prevent UVB-induced abnormalities during early development of the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
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DOI：
10.1007/s002270000463
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Shick, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adams, NL;Shick, JM
实验旨在确定环境相关范围内的紫外线辐射（UVR）如何影响海胆圆芽胞杆菌（strongylocentrrotus droebacachiensis, Muller）的发育，以及生命早期阶段存在的真菌孢素样氨基酸（mycosporin -like amino acids, MAAs）是否能减少紫外线引起的损伤。卵、胚胎和幼虫含有5种MAAs，最大吸收范围为320 ~ 334 nm。鸡蛋主要含有甲胺素和卟啉-334，它们在334 nm处吸收最多，在312和348 nm处吸收一半，跨越了生物有效紫外线辐射的大部分环境范围。MAAs在未辐照的原肠期胚胎中浓度保持不变，但在双臂pluteus幼虫中浓度显著下降。每日暴露于联合光合有效辐射（PAR, 400-700 nm）和UVR对这些胚胎的MAAs浓度没有影响，直到双臂pluteus期。海胆棱柱幼虫和沙棘棘鱼（Echinarachnius pal mn, Lamarck）不从周围海水中积累辛氨酸。在PAR存在的情况下，每天将胚胎暴露在UVA （320-400 nm）和UVB （295-320 nm）辐射下，会导致发育过程中的延迟和异常，而去除UVB可以消除这种影响。胚胎的异常包括囊胚壁增厚，囊胚腔被异常细胞填充，外泌乳和异常针状体的形成。在暴露于PAR + UVA + UVB的胚胎中，胚胎正常发育的百分比较低，但在富含maa的饮食中维持的海胆胚胎除外。在所有情况下，PAR + UVA + uvb暴露的胚胎正常发育的百分比与胚胎发育的卵子中MAAs的浓度呈正相关。因此，在S. droebachiensis胚胎中发现的MAAs保护它们在发育期间免受uvb诱导的异常，至少在四臂pluteus幼虫阶段。
Experiments were performed to determine how ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the environmentally relevant range affects development of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Muller) and whether mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), present in the early life stages, reduce UV-induced damage. Eggs, embryos, and larvae contained five MAAs having absorption maxima ranging from 320 to 334 nm. Eggs contained principally shinorine and porphyra-334, which absorb maximally at 334 nm and half-maximally at 312 and 348 nm, spanning much of the environmental range of biologically effective UVR. Concentrations of MAAs remained constant in unirradiated embryos through the gastrula stage, but decreased significantly in two-armed pluteus larvae. Daily exposure to combined photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm) and UVR did not affect the concentration of MAAs in these embryos up to the two-armed pluteus stage. Prism larvae of sea urchins and the sand dollar Echinarachnius pal mn (Lamarck) did not accumulate shinorine from the surrounding seawater. Daily exposure of embryos to UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (295-320 nm) radiation in the presence of PAR induced delays and abnormalities during development, and removing UVB eliminated this effect. Abnormalities in embryos included thickening of the blastoderm wall, filling of the blastocoel by abnormal cells, exogastrulation, and formation of abnormal spicules. The percentage of embryos that developed normally was lower in batches of embryos exposed to PAR + UVA + UVB, except in embryos from urchins maintained on MAA-rich diets. In all cases, the percentage of PAR + UVA + UVB-exposed embryos that developed normally was positively related to the concentration of MAAs in eggs from which the embryos developed. Thus, the MAAs found in S. droebachiensis embryos protect them against UVB-induced abnormalities during their development to at least the four-armed pluteus larval stage.