Unsaturated Flow Processes and the Onset of Seasonal Deformation in Slow‐Moving Landslides

Unsaturated Flow Processes and the Onset of Seasonal Deformation in Slow‐Moving Landslides
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缓慢移动滑坡中的不饱和流动过程和季节性变形的发生

DOI:
10.1029/2020jf005758
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Handwerger, A. L.
Handwerger, A. L.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Finnegan, N. J.;Perkins, J. P.;Nereson, A. L.;Handwerger, A. L.

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预测降雨引起的滑坡运动是具有挑战性的,因为浅层地下水流动对地下预先存在的含水率非常敏感。在这里,我们利用地下水水文理论和数值模拟,结合五年的现场监测,阐明了非饱和地下水流动过程如何调制季节性孔压上升,从而导致缓慢移动的滑坡运动的开始。在季节性降雨开始后52-129天,加利福尼亚州暗黑山脉橡树岭土石流的滑坡运动发生在滑坡表面附近的地下水位突然上升之后。模式结果和理论表明,这种突然上升是从一个接近饱和的湿润锋平流到地下水位的,该湿润锋标志着季节性降水综合向下通量的前沿。在这次突然上升之前,我们几乎没有观测到滑坡内部因降雨而产生的孔压响应。然而,一旦湿润锋达到地下水位,我们几乎瞬时地观察到伴随着滑坡加速度的滑坡体内的孔压传递。我们使用一个简单的质量平衡模型来预测时间尺度,以达到临界孔压阈值,该模型考虑了随深度变化的储水量,并用降雨强度-持续时间阈值解释了季节性滑坡运动的开始。我们的模型表明,缓慢移动滑坡的季节响应时间由旱季包气带深度控制,而不是滑坡总厚度。
Predicting rainfall‐induced landslide motion is challenging because shallow groundwater flow is extremely sensitive to the preexisting moisture content in the ground. Here, we use groundwater hydrology theory and numerical modeling combined with five years of field monitoring to illustrate how unsaturated groundwater flow processes modulate the seasonal pore water pressure rise and therefore the onset of motion for slow‐moving landslides. The onset of landslide motion at Oak Ridge earthflow in California’s Diablo Range occurs after an abrupt water table rise to near the landslide surface 52–129 days after seasonal rainfall commences. Model results and theory suggest that this abrupt rise occurs from the advection of a nearly saturated wetting front, which marks the leading edge of the integrated downward flux of seasonal rainfall, to the water table. Prior to this abrupt rise, we observe little measured pore water pressure response within the landslide due to rainfall. However, once the wetting front reaches the water table, we observe nearly instantaneous pore water pressure transmission within the landslide body that is accompanied by landslide acceleration. We cast the timescale to reach a critical pore water pressure threshold using a simple mass balance model that considers variable moisture storage with depth and explains the onset of seasonal landslide motion with a rainfall intensity‐duration threshold. Our model shows that the seasonal response time of slow‐moving landslides is controlled by the dry season vadose zone depth rather than the total landslide thickness.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1404763111
发表时间: 2014-04
期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子: --
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DOI: --
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影响因子: 6.7
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