Staphylococcus aureus host specificity:: comparative genomics of human versus animal isolates by multi-strain microarray
Staphylococcus aureus host specificity:: comparative genomics of human versus animal isolates by multi-strain microarray
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DOI：
10.1099/mic.0.2007/015289-0
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Lindsay, Jodi A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sung, Julia M. -L.;Lloyd, David H.;Lindsay, Jodi A.
金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）是几种哺乳动物物种，特别是人类和牛的寄生虫和病原体。我们的目标是（i）识别S。与宿主特异性相关的金黄色葡萄球菌基因，（ii）确定人类和动物分离株的相关性，和（iii）鉴定人类和动物分离株是否通常交换编码毒力和抗性基因的移动的遗传元件。使用经过良好验证的七株S.金黄色葡萄球菌基因芯片，我们比较了56个UK S。金黄色葡萄球菌分离株引起牛，马，山羊，绵羊和骆驼感染161人S。金黄色葡萄球菌从健康携带者和英国社区获得性感染中分离。我们之前已经表明，人类分离株被聚类为10个优势谱系和一些次要谱系，每个谱系都具有预测与人类蛋白质结合的独特表面蛋白组合。我们发现，动物相关的S。金黄色葡萄球菌分为10个谱系，其中61%归属于动物特有的4个谱系：ST 151、ST 771、ST 130和ST 873。大多数牛乳腺炎是由ST 151、ST 771和ST 97谱系的分离株引起的，但少数人谱系也引起乳腺炎。S.从马身上分离的金黄色葡萄球菌更容易聚集到人类相关的谱系中，54%的马相关的金黄色葡萄球菌。金黄色葡萄球菌被分配到人类簇CC 1、C、C8和CC 22;沿着一些多重耐药菌株的存在，这表明其来源于人类。这是人类与动物S的最全面的遗传比较。金黄色葡萄球菌分离株进行的，因为我们使用了全基因组方法，我们可以估计与宿主特异性相关的变异性最大的关键基因。在所有人类分离株中保守的几个基因在一个或多个动物谱系中是可变的或缺失的，包括充分表征的谱系特异性基因fnbA、fnbB和coa。有趣的是，携带在移动的遗传元件（MGE）上的基因，如chp、scn和sak，在动物S中不太常见。菌株间存在大量的MGE变异，并有证据表明动物和人类菌株间的MGE（如噬菌体和致病岛）交换是可行的，但很少有证据表明葡萄球菌盒式染色体（SCC）或质粒上的抗生素抗性基因转移。令人惊讶的是，动物谱系与人类谱系密切相关，只有少数基因或基因组合可能负责宿主特异性。
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal and pathogen of several mammalian species, particularly humans and cattle. We aimed to (i) identify S. aureus genes associated with host specificity, (ii) determine the relatedness of human and animal isolates, and (iii) identify whether human and animal isolates typically exchanged mobile genetic elements encoding virulence and resistance genes. Using a well-validated seven-strain S. aureus microarray, we compared 56 UK S. aureus isolates that caused infection in cows, horses, goats, sheep and a camel with 161 human S. aureus isolates from healthy carriers and community acquired infections in the UK. We had previously shown that human isolates are clustered into ten dominant and a few minor lineages, each with unique combinations of surface proteins predicted to bind to human proteins. We found that the animal-associated S. aureus clustered into ten lineages, with 61% assigned to four lineages, ST151, ST771, ST130 and ST873, that were unique to animals. The majority of bovine mastitis was caused by isolates of lineage ST151, ST771 and ST97, but a few human lineages also caused mastitis. S. aureus isolated from horses were more likely to cluster into human-associated lineages, with 54% of horse-associated S. aureus assigned to the human clusters CC1, C;C8 and CC22; along with the presence of some multi-drug resistant strains, this suggests a human origin. This is the most comprehensive genetic comparison of human versus animal S. aureus isolates conducted, and because we used a whole-genome approach we could estimate the key genes with the greatest variability that are associated with host specificity. Several genes conserved in all human isolates were variable or missing in one or more animal lineages, including the well-characterized lineage specific genes fnbA, fnbB and coa. Interestingly, genes carried on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as chp, scn and sak were less common in animal S. aureus isolates, and bap was not found. There was a lot of MGE variation within lineages, and some evidence that exchange of MGEs such as bacteriophage and pathogenicity islands between animal and human lineages is feasible, but there was less evidence of antibiotic resistance gene transfer on the staphylococcal cassette chromosomes (SCC) or plasmids. Surprisingly, animal lineages are closely related to human lineages and only a handful of genes or gene combinations may be responsible for host specificity.