Landscape heterogeneity shapes predation in a newly restored predator-prey system
Landscape heterogeneity shapes predation in a newly restored predator-prey system
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01059.x
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Boyce, Mark S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kauffman, Matthew J.;Varley, Nathan;Boyce, Mark S.
由于一些本土有蹄类动物世世代代都生活在没有顶级捕食者的环境中，因此当捕食者重新回到这些系统时，是否会发生失控的捕食一直不确定。我们表明，影响捕食者探测和捕获猎物的景观特征和植被，在新恢复的捕食者-被捕食者系统中塑造了大规模的捕食模式。我们分析了黄石国家公园北部山脉连续 10 个冬季狼 (Canis lupus) 捕食麋鹿 (Cervus elaphus) 的空间分布。在本研究过程中，狼分布对猎杀地点的影响逐渐减弱，这一结果可能是由于狼分布的地域限制造成的。相比之下，景观因素强烈影响猎杀地点，创造独特的狩猎场和猎物避难所。在这个新恢复的捕食者-被捕食系统中，麋鹿应该能够通过在异质风险景观中的移动和栖息地选择来调节捕食风险。
Because some native ungulates have lived without top predators for generations, it has been uncertain whether runaway predation would occur when predators are newly restored to these systems. We show that landscape features and vegetation, which influence predator detection and capture of prey, shape large-scale patterns of predation in a newly restored predator-prey system. We analysed the spatial distribution of wolf ( Canis lupus) predation on elk ( Cervus elaphus) on the Northern Range of Yellowstone National Park over 10 consecutive winters. The influence of wolf distribution on kill sites diminished over the course of this study, a result that was likely caused by territorial constraints on wolf distribution. In contrast, landscape factors strongly influenced kill sites, creating distinct hunting grounds and prey refugia. Elk in this newly restored predator-prey system should be able to mediate their risk of predation by movement and habitat selection across a heterogeneous risk landscape.