ICRP Task Group 95: internal dose coefficients
ICRP Task Group 95: internal dose coefficients
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ICRP 任务组 95：内部剂量系数
DOI：
10.1177/0146645318759620
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Harrison
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Paquet;J. Harrison
使用生物动力学和剂量学模型计算内剂量。这些模型描述了放射性核素在摄取、吸入和吸收到血液后的行为，以及它们的核转化产生的能量的吸收。国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)开发了这样的模型，并将其应用于提供剂量系数和生物测定函数，以根据生物测定样品的摄入量和/或活性测量知识计算当量或有效剂量。在过去的几年里，ICRP投入了大量的努力来修改和改进模型，使其在生理上更接近于描述器官和组织中的摄取和滞留以及排泄。提供新的生物动力学模型、剂量系数、监测方法和生物测定数据是第二委员会及其任务小组的责任。已经印发了取代ICRP出版物30系列和ICRP出版物54、68和78的一系列文件中的三份[放射性核素职业摄入量(OIR)第1-3部分]。OIR第1部分介绍了放射性核素内部职业照射的评估、生物动力学和剂量学模型、个人和工作场所监测的方法以及追溯剂量评估的一般方面。OIR第2-5部分提供了关于单个元素及其放射性同位素的数据。修订公众放射性核素摄入量的剂量系数的工作也在进行中。
Internal doses are calculated using biokinetic and dosimetric models. These models describe the behaviour of the radionuclides after ingestion, inhalation, and absorption to the blood, and the absorption of the energy resulting from their nuclear transformations. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) develops such models and applies them to provide dose coefficients and bioassay functions for the calculation of equivalent or effective dose from knowledge of intakes and/or measurements of activity in bioassay samples. Over the past few years, ICRP has devoted a considerable amount of effort to the revision and improvement of models to make them more physiologically realistic representations of uptake and retention in organs and tissues, and of excretion. Provision of new biokinetic models, dose coefficients, monitoring methods, and bioassay data is the responsibility of Committee 2 and its task groups. Three publications in a series of documents replacing the ICRP Publication 30 series and ICRP Publications 54, 68, and 78 have been issued [Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides (OIR) Parts 1–3]. OIR Part 1 describes the assessment of internal occupational exposure to radionuclides, biokinetic and dosimetric models, methods of individual and workplace monitoring, and general aspects of retrospective dose assessment. OIR Parts 2–5 provide data on individual elements and their radioisotopes. Work is also in progress on revision of dose coefficients for radionuclide intakes by members of the public.