Evaluating alcohol access and the alcohol environment in neighborhood areas
Evaluating alcohol access and the alcohol environment in neighborhood areas
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DOI：
10.1097/01.alc.0000057043.04199.b7
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Lee, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Freisthler, B;Gruenewald, PJ;Lee, J
背景：本文调查了与醉酒的顾客和未成年饮酒者在酒类场所成功购买酒精有关的邻居、商店和服务员的特征。假设在其他场所附近的商业区，外部维护差，广告多，年轻服务员缺乏经验，商店更有可能向醉酒和未成年顾客出售酒精饮料。方法：通过对加利福尼亚州北部一个大都市地区随机选择的酒精场所进行明显的小调查和伪醉的顾客来收集数据。数据收集行动包括对这些饮酒场所进行独立监测，以确定附近和场所的特征，以及假醉的顾客和明显的轻微刺痛，以评估这些形式的非法酒精销售的比率。假装喝醉的男演员和看起来20岁或更年轻的成年女青年分别试图在店内和店外购买酒精。销售(店外)和服务(店内)是主要结果。结果：明显的未成年人在39%的尝试(95%CI，34-45%)中购买酒精，而假醉酒的顾客在58%的尝试(95%CI，50%-67%)中得到酒精服务。面向明显未成年人的销售与拉美裔居民的比例和人口密度较高的地区显著相关。当服务员是男性时，卖给假醉的顾客的频率更高，而且看起来不到30岁。这些销售在人口密度高、门店数量多的西班牙裔社区也更频繁，但在非裔美国人社区较少。结论：研究结果表明，未成年人和醉酒的顾客销售因地区而不同。这两种形式的非法酒类销售更有可能发生在人口稠密的社区地区。研究结果还表明，服务器特征与向醉酒的顾客销售密切相关，这表明在这些环境中，负责任的饮料服务计划具有一定的影响力。
Background: This paper examines neighborhood, outlet, and server characteristics related to successful purchases of alcohol by intoxicated patrons and underage drinkers at alcohol establishments. It is hypothesized that outlets in commercial areas near to other premises, with poor exterior maintenance, much advertising, and inexperienced youthful servers will be more likely to sell alcohol to intoxicated and underage patrons.Methods: Data were collected using pseudo-intoxicated patron and apparent minor surveys of randomly selected alcohol establishments in a metropolitan area of northern California. Data collection operations included independent surveillance of these drinking places to establish neighborhood And premise characteristics and pseudo-intoxicated patron and apparent minor stings to assess rates of these forms of illegal alcohol sales. Male actors feigning intoxication and female of-age youth identified as appearing to be 20 years or younger attempted to purchase alcohol at on- and off-premise establishments, respectively. Rates of sales (off-premise) and service (on-premise) were the primary outcomes.Results: Apparent minors purchased alcohol in 39% of attempts (95% CI, 34-45%) while pseudo-intoxicated patrons were served alcohol in 58% of attempts (95% CI, 50-67%). Sales to apparent minors were significantly related to percentage of Hispanic residents and areas with greater population density. Sales to pseudo-intoxicated patrons were more frequent when the server was male and appeared to be under the age of 30. These sales were also more frequent in Hispanic neighborhoods with high population density and high numbers of on-premise outlets but were less frequent in African American neighborhoods.Conclusion: The findings suggest that underage and intoxicated patron sales differ by areas. Both forms of illegal sales of alcohol are more likely in highly populated areas of communities. The findings also suggest that server characteristics are strongly related to sales to intoxicated patrons, suggesting some leverage for responsible beverage service programs in these environments.