Efficient, Long-Term Logging of Rich Data Sensors Using Transient Sensor Nodes
Efficient, Long-Term Logging of Rich Data Sensors Using Transient Sensor Nodes
复制标题
使用瞬态传感器节点对丰富数据传感器进行高效、长期记录
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
L. Thiele
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andres Gomez;L. Sigrist;T. Schalch;L. Benini;L. Thiele
虽然能量收集通常被认为是以低成本、长期、有效的方式为网络物理系统供电的关键，但它通常需要大型储能设备来减轻源的可变性的影响。新兴的瞬时供电系统类别通过与所收集的能量成比例地执行计算来拥抱这种可变性，从而最小化引人注目且昂贵的存储元件。通过使用高效的能量管理单元（EMU），即使平均收集的功率仅为系统持续运行所需功率的一小部分，也可以将小能量脉冲缓冲在尺寸最佳的电容器中，并用于为通用负载供电。动态能量爆发缩放（DEBS）可以由负载用于动态地配置EMU以在其最佳功率点处供应小的能量爆发，而与采集器的操作点无关。最大突发大小、太阳能电池板面积以及节能非易失性存储器层次结构（NVMH）的使用等参数可能会对瞬态系统的特性产生重大影响，例如唤醒时间和每单位能量可以完成的工作量。来自太阳能供电的长期自主图像采集应用的实验数据表明，无论其配置如何，EMU都可以以高达79.7%的效率向43.4mW的负载提供能量突发，并且可以在低至140μW的输入功率水平下工作。当EMU被配置为使用DEBS和NVMH时，获取、处理和存储图像的总能量成本可以降低77.8%，但代价是能量缓冲区大小增加65%。
While energy harvesting is generally seen to be the key to power cyber-physical systems in a low-cost, long-term, efficient manner, it has generally required large energy storage devices to mitigate the effects of the source’s variability. The emerging class of transiently powered systems embrace this variability by performing computation in proportion to the energy harvested, thereby minimizing the obtrusive and expensive storage element. By using an efficient Energy Management Unit (EMU), small bursts of energy can be buffered in an optimally sized capacitor and used to supply generic loads, even when the average harvested power is only a fraction of that required for sustained system operation. Dynamic Energy Burst Scaling (DEBS) can be used by the load to dynamically configure the EMU to supply small bursts of energy at its optimal power point, independent from the harvester’s operating point. Parameters like the maximum burst size, the solar panel’s area, as well as the use of energy-efficient Non-Volatile Memory Hierarchy (NVMH) can have a significant impact on the transient system’s characteristics such as the wake-up time and the amount of work that can be done per unit of energy. Experimental data from a solar-powered, long-term autonomous image acquisition application show that, regardless of its configuration, the EMU can supply energy bursts to a 43.4mW load with efficiencies of up to 79.7% and can work with input power levels as low as 140μW. When the EMU is configured to use DEBS and NVMH, the total energy cost of acquiring, processing and storing an image can be reduced by 77.8%, at the price of increasing the energy buffer size by 65%.