Fecal progesterone, estrogen, and androgen metabolites for noninvasive monitoring of reproductive function in the female Indian rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis
Fecal progesterone, estrogen, and androgen metabolites for noninvasive monitoring of reproductive function in the female Indian rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis
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DOI：
10.1006/gcen.2000.7523
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Schaftenaar, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwarzenberger, F;Rietschel, W;Schaftenaar, W
为了建立印度犀牛发情周期和妊娠的非侵入性内分泌监测方法，每周采集7头非妊娠和妊娠圈养雌性犀牛的粪便样本1~3次，分别用酶免疫法测定粪中孕酮、雄激素和雌激素代谢产物，以确定卵泡和黄体期以及妊娠期间的内分泌特征。使用的抗体是针对孕二醇(20α-羟基孕烷)、20-氧代孕烷、表雄酮(17-氧代雄烷)和总雌激素。雄激素和雌激素是卵泡期的可靠指标，而20α-羟基和20-氧-孕烷是黄体功能的可靠指标。孕酮代谢物也是妊娠的可靠指标，而17-氧代雄烷和雌激素在整个妊娠过程中是基本的。发情周期全年有规律，平均周期为43.4+/-1.5天(n=27)；卵泡期长度，如雌激素水平升高所示，为15.9+/-1.0天；黄体期，如20-氧-孕烷水平升高，为19.1+/-0.4天。粪便孕烷值已经在增加，而卵泡雌激素值仍在下降。间情期的长度为11.4+/-1.2天，用20-氧代孕烷减少和随后雌激素增加之间的基础类固醇水平来表示。孕烷水平从妊娠第3个月开始升高，到妊娠第7个月时超过黄体期浓度的10倍。免疫活性粪便代谢物的高效液相色谱分离表明，存在雌酮、雌二醇-17β和几个17-氧代雄烷、20α-羟基孕烷和20-氧代孕烷。随着妊娠的进展，洗脱曲线与孕二醇相似的峰的浓度增加，产后粪便雌激素和17-氧-雄烷的浓度表明卵泡的发育与发情周期的卵泡期相当，但这不是随后的黄体期。总之，印度犀牛的发情周期和妊娠可以通过粪便类固醇分析进行监测。孕烷代谢物是黄体和妊娠的可靠指标，而粪便17-氧-雄烷和雌激素是卵泡期的指标。(C)2000年学术出版社。
This investigation aimed to establish noninvasive methods for endocrine monitoring of estrous cycles and pregnancy in the Indian rhinoceros, Fecal samples were collected 1-3 times per week from nonpregnant and pregnant captive females (n = 7), Enzyme immunoassays for fecal progesterone, androgen, and estrogen metabolites, respectively, were tested for their ability to determine follicular and luteal phases and to characterize endocrine profiles during pregnancy. Antibodies used were raised against pregnanediol (20 alpha -OH-pregnanes), 20-oxo-pregnanes, epiandrosterone (17-oxo-androstanes), and total estrogens. Androgens and estrogens were found to be reliable indicators of the follicular phase, whereas 20 alpha -OH- and 20-oxo-pregnanes were reliable indicators of luteal function. Progesterone metabolites were also reliable indicators of pregnancy, whereas 17-oxo-androstanes and estrogens were basal throughout gestation. Estrous cycles were regular throughout the year, with an average cycle length of 43.4 +/- 1.5 (n = 27) days; the length of the follicular phase, as indicated by elevated estrogen levels, was 15.9 +/- 1.0 days, whereas the luteal phase, as indicated by elevated 20-oxo-pregnane levels, was 19.1 +/- 0.4 days. Fecal pregnane values were already increasing while follicular estrogen values were still decreasing. The length of the diestrus, indicated by basal steroid levels between declining 20-oxo-pregnanes and subsequently increasing estrogens, was 11.4 +/- 1.2 days. Pregnane levels increased from the 3rd month of gestation onward and levels exceeded luteal phase concentrations similar to 10 times by the 7th month of gestation onward. HPLC separation of immunoreactive fecal metabolites indicated the presence of estrone, estradiol-17 beta, and several 17-oxo-androstanes, 20 alpha -OH-pregnanes, and 20-oxo-pregnanes. Concentrations of a peak with an elution profile similar to that of pregnanediol increased as pregnancy progressed, Postpartum fecal estrogen and 17-oxo-androstane concentrations in one animal indicated follicular development comparable to the follicular phase of the estrous cycle, but this was not followed by a subsequent luteal phase. In conclusion, estrous cycle and pregnancy in Indian rhinoceroses can be monitored using fecal steroid analysis. Pregnane metabolites were reliable indicators of the corpus luteum and pregnancy, whereas fecal 17-oxo-androstanes and estrogens were indicators of the follicular phase. (C) 2000 Academic Press.