ENCODING SPECIFICITY AND RETRIEVAL PROCESSES IN EPISODIC MEMORY
ENCODING SPECIFICITY AND RETRIEVAL PROCESSES IN EPISODIC MEMORY
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DOI：
10.1037/h0020071
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发表时间：
1973-01-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
THOMSON, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
TULVING, E;THOMSON, DM
最近对人类记忆问题的前理论方向的变化引起了对检索过程的关注，并且已经构建了许多早期版本的检索理论。本文描述并评估了这些理论提供的解释，以解释外来提示的效果，以及非列表项对列表项的回忆的促进作用。旨在测试当前最流行的检索理论（生成识别理论）的实验产生的结果不仅与生成识别模型不兼容，而且与大多数其他理论也不兼容：在某些条件下，受试者始终无法识别许多可回忆的列表单词。对这种识别失败现象的几种尝试性解释被纳入编码特异性原则，根据该原则，事件的记忆轨迹以及有效检索线索的属性是由系统对输入刺激执行的特定编码操作决定的。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2016 APA，保留所有权利）
Recent changes in pretheoretical orientation toward problems of human memory have brought with them a concern with retrieval processes, and a number of early versions of theories of retrieval have been constructed. This paper describes and evaluates explanations offered by these theories to account for the effect of extralist cuing, facilitation of recall of list items by non-list items. Experiments designed to test the currently most popular theory of retrieval, the generation-recognition theory, yielded results incompatible not only with generation-recognition models, but most other theories as well: under certain conditions subjects consistently failed to recognize many recallable list words. Several tentative explanations of this phenomenon of recognition failure were subsumed under the encoding specificity principle according to which the memory trace of an event and hence the properties of effective retrieval cue are determined by the specific encoding operations performed by the system on the input stimuli.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)