Limitations of Separate Cloud and Rain Categories in Parameterizing Collision‐Coalescence for Bulk Microphysics Schemes

Limitations of Separate Cloud and Rain Categories in Parameterizing Collision‐Coalescence for Bulk Microphysics Schemes
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单独的云和雨类别在参数化碰撞-体微物理方案合并中的局限性

DOI:
10.1029/2022ms003039
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
6.8
通讯作者:
van Lier‐Walqui, M.
van Lier‐Walqui, M.
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Igel, A. L.;Morrison, H.;Santos, S. P.;van Lier‐Walqui, M.

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暖雨碰撞-聚并一直难以在体微物理方案中参数化。我们使用一个灵活的体微物理计划与bin计划过程参数化,称为AMP,调查困难的原因。AMP以各种方式配置以模拟批量方案,并与AMP构建的bin方案进行比较。我们发现,在传统的批量计划的一个重要限制是使用单独的云和雨类别。当水滴尺寸分布由连续分布表示时,云到雨转换的模拟得到了实质性的改善。我们还发现在传统方案中区分云和雨的阈值大小很敏感;通过将阈值从40 μm降低到25 μm,发现了实质性的改善。无论是使用一个假设的功能形式的大小分布,也不是预测的分布时刻的选择有很大的影响,AMP模拟降雨生产的能力。当预测液滴尺寸分布的四个总矩时,无论是使用传统的两类,具有降低尺寸阈值的两个矩方案,还是使用四个矩的单类方案,质量和云尺寸分布演变的误差都是相似的,但单类方案具有更好的雨尺寸分布表示。研究了单类方法的最佳矩组合,并且似乎与它们提供的用于约束尺寸分布的信息内容的联系更多,而不是与它们与碰撞聚结速率的相关性。
Warm rain collision‐coalescence has been persistently difficult to parameterize in bulk microphysics schemes. We use a flexible bulk microphysics scheme with bin scheme process parameterizations, called AMP, to investigate reasons for the difficulty. AMP is configured in a variety of ways to mimic bulk schemes and is compared to simulations with the bin scheme upon which AMP is built. We find that an important limitation in traditional bulk schemes is the use of separate cloud and rain categories. When the drop size distribution is instead represented by a continuous distribution, the simulation of cloud‐to‐rain conversion is substantially improved. We also find large sensitivity to the threshold size to distinguish cloud and rain in traditional schemes; substantial improvement is found by decreasing the threshold from 40 to 25 μm. Neither the use of an assumed functional form for the size distribution nor the choice of predicted distribution moments has a large impact on the ability of AMP to simulate rain production. When predicting four total moments of the liquid drop size distribution, either with a traditional two‐category, two‐moment scheme with a reduced size threshold, or a four‐moment single‐category scheme, errors in the evolution of mass and the cloud size distribution are similar, but the single‐category scheme has a substantially better representation of the rain size distribution. Optimal moment combinations for the single‐category approach are investigated and appear to be linked more to the information content they provide for constraining the size distributions than to their correlation with collision‐coalescence rates.
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