Leveraging rural energy investment for parasitic disease control: schistosome ova inactivation and energy co-benefits of anaerobic digesters in rural China.
Leveraging rural energy investment for parasitic disease control: schistosome ova inactivation and energy co-benefits of anaerobic digesters in rural China.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0004856
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Seto E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Remais J;Chen L;Seto E
做饭和取暖仍然是世界上穷人最耗能的活动，因此，改善清洁能源的使用已被强调为实现联合国千年发展目标主要目标的一项关键要求。采用沼气系统（从人类和动物的粪便中产生甲烷）等清洁能源技术，有可能为控制被忽视的热带疾病带来直接效益。本报告对中国四川省的寄生虫病和沼气系统的能源效益进行了评估，突出说明了公共卫生部门如何能够利用农村能源项目的扩散来控制传染病。首先，实验评估沼气系统在灭活和去除人体寄生虫日本血吸虫卵方面的有效性。第二，评估了沼气基础设施对能源使用和环境质量的影响，正如被调查的村庄人口所报告的那样，以及社区对这项技术的接受程度。在接种受感染粪便后的两个月内，每周从沼气系统收集的流出物中没有回收到活卵。从一系列接种卵的尼龙袋中回收不到1%的活卵，生化灭活导致2个对数的去除。90%以上的人蛔虫卵（用作S.当调节系统停留时间时，在两个生物气系统的流入物中计数的细菌在系统中被去除，大约1-log去除归因于沉降。结合起来，这些灭活/去除过程强调了沼气基础设施减少粪便使用造成的寄生虫污染的前景。在建设后平均4年接受采访时，村民将燃料使用的巨大变化归因于沼气系统的安装。家庭煤炭使用量减少了68%，木材减少了74%，农作物废弃物减少了6%。据报道，每年节省的能源价值约为600 CNY，需要2-3年才能收回沼气系统的资本成本。在没有补贴的村庄，没有实施新的沼气系统。将农村能源需求和卫生结合起来的可持续战略为长期控制寄生虫病提供了巨大的希望，同时降低了能源成本，提高了生活质量。政府政策可以通过为联合卫生/可持续能源项目沿着相关的公共宣传和教育方案提供财政激励措施，提高这些战略的财政可行性。
Cooking and heating remain the most energy intensive activities among the world's poor, and thus improved access to clean energies for these tasks has been highlighted as a key requirement of attaining the major objectives of the UN Millennium Development Goals. A move towards clean energy technologies such as biogas systems (which produce methane from human and animal waste) has the potential to provide immediate benefits for the control of neglected tropical diseases. Here, an assessment of the parasitic disease and energy benefits of biogas systems in Sichuan Province, China, is presented, highlighting how the public health sector can leverage the proliferation of rural energy projects for infectious disease control. First, the effectiveness of biogas systems at inactivating and removing ova of the human parasite Schistosoma japonicum is experimentally evaluated. Second, the impact of biogas infrastructure on energy use and environmental quality as reported by surveyed village populations is assessed, as is the community acceptance of the technology. No viable eggs were recovered in the effluent collected weekly from biogas systems for two months following seeding with infected stool. Less than 1% of ova were recovered viable from a series of nylon bags seeded with ova, a 2-log removal attributable to biochemical inactivation. More than 90% of Ascaris lumbricoides ova (used as a proxy for S. japonicum ova) counted at the influent of two biogas systems were removed in the systems when adjusted for system residence time, an approximate 1-log removal attributable to sedimentation. Combined, these inactivation/removal processes underscore the promise of biogas infrastructure for reducing parasite contamination resulting from nightsoil use. When interviewed an average of 4 years after construction, villagers attributed large changes in fuel usage to the installation of biogas systems. Household coal usage decreased by 68%, wood by 74%, and crop waste by 6%. With reported energy savings valued at roughly 600 CNY per year, 2–3 years were required to recoup the capital costs of biogas systems. In villages without subsidies, no new biogas systems were implemented. Sustainable strategies that integrate rural energy needs and sanitation offer tremendous promise for long-term control of parasitic diseases, while simultaneously reducing energy costs and improving quality of life. Government policies can enhance the financial viability of such strategies by introducing fiscal incentives for joint sanitation/sustainable energy projects, along with their associated public outreach and education programs.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Borges, ESM;Godinho, VM;Chernicharo, CAL
通讯作者：
Chernicharo, CAL
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Ni, JQ;Nyns, EJ
通讯作者：
Nyns, EJ
DOI：
10.2471/blt.05.025031
发表时间：
2006-02-01
期刊：
Bulletin of the World Health Organization: International Journal of Public Health
影响因子：
--
作者：
Liang, Song;Yang, Changhong;Qiu, Dongchuan
通讯作者：
Qiu, Dongchuan
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0701878104
发表时间：
2007-04-24
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Liang, Song;Seto, Edmund Y. W.;Spear, Robert C.
通讯作者：
Spear, Robert C.
影响因子：
8.7
作者：
Islam, AKMS;Islam, M;Rahman, T
通讯作者：
Rahman, T