Calculating Consequences: Brain Systems That Encode the Causal Effects of Actions
Calculating Consequences: Brain Systems That Encode the Causal Effects of Actions
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1808-08.2008
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发表时间：
2008-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Saori Tanaka;B. Balleine;J. O’Doherty
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Saori Tanaka;B. Balleine;J. O’Doherty
准确评估我们行动的因果效力的能力是成功适应不断变化的环境的关键。在这里，我们使用功能磁共振成像对受试者进行扫描，当受试者按下一个按钮来赚钱时，反应-奖励关系随着时间的推移而改变。受试者对其行为的因果效应的判断反映了按下按钮的速度和他们赚到的钱之间的客观偶然性。内侧眼眶额叶皮质和背内侧纹状体的神经反应被作为偶然性的函数来调节，当行动是高度因果的时，与非因果行为相比，在会话期间活动增加。此外，内侧前额叶皮质跟踪动作-结果相关性的局部变化，暗示该区域参与在线权变计算。这些结果揭示了不同的大脑区域参与了建立行为因果效应的计算过程，为深入了解行为适应性控制的神经机制提供了洞察。
The capacity to accurately evaluate the causal effectiveness of our actions is key to successfully adapting to changing environments. Here we scanned subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging while they pressed a button to earn money as the response–reward relationship changed over time. Subjects' judgments about the causal efficacy of their actions reflected the objective contingency between the rate of button pressing and the amount of money they earned. Neural responses in medial orbitofrontal cortex and dorsomedial striatum were modulated as a function of contingency, by increasing in activity during sessions when actions were highly causal compared with when they were not. Moreover, medial prefrontal cortex tracked local changes in action–outcome correlations, implicating this region in the on-line computation of contingency. These results reveal the involvement of distinct brain regions in the computational processes that establish the causal efficacy of actions, providing insight into the neural mechanisms underlying the adaptive control of behavior.