Prolonged exposure to denicotinized cigarettes with or without transdermal nicotine.
Prolonged exposure to denicotinized cigarettes with or without transdermal nicotine.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.01.021
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Jones, Melissa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donny, Eric C.;Jones, Melissa
感觉运动吸烟刺激是吸烟的重要决定因素。本研究的目的是确定在9天的门诊期间，当同时使用透皮尼古丁或不同时使用透皮尼古丁时，去尼古丁化香烟是否会失去其强化和/或主观效应。在选择首选品牌基线后，68名参与者根据透皮尼古丁的剂量（mg）和香烟的类型（剂量/香烟）随机分为四种情况：0/尼古丁、0/去尼古丁、7/去尼古丁和21/去尼古丁。在安慰剂贴片条件下，参与者抽了相同数量的尼古丁和去尼古丁香烟，在重复测试中没有出现组间差异。吸入的烟雾总量在脱硝组中较低，尽管这种减少随着时间的推移而消散。去尼古丁香烟被评为具有低积极和高消极的主观影响。与安慰剂相比，透皮尼古丁减少了脱硝香烟的吸食次数，使吸入的脱硝香烟烟雾总量持续减少，但对脱硝香烟的主观效果影响不大。初步戒烟期间经皮尼古丁减毒戒断；然而，一旦参与者被允许吸烟，无论贴片条件如何，戒断症状都相对较低。持续使用脱尼古丁香烟可能是由于尼古丁戒断和/或吸烟程度在某种程度上与行为的结果（即习惯学习）无关。进一步的研究将有助于确定是什么因素促使人们继续使用去尼古丁香烟，它们的使用是否随着戒断消退而消退，以及它们是否解决了与当前药物治疗不同的吸烟动机。
Sensorimotor smoking stimuli are important determinants of cigarette use. The present study aimed to determine whether denicotinized cigarettes lose their reinforcing and/or subjective effects over a 9-day outpatient period when they are smoked with or without concurrent transdermal nicotine. After a preferred brand baseline, 68 participants were randomized into one of four conditions based on the dose (mg) of transdermal nicotine and the type of cigarettes (dose/cigarette): 0/nicotine, 0/denicotinized, 7/denicotinized, and 21/denicotinized. Under placebo patch conditions, participants smoked a similar number of nicotine and denicotinized cigarettes and no group differences emerged over repeated testing. The total volume of smoke inhaled was lower in the denicotinized group, although this decrease dissipated over time. Denicotinized cigarettes were rated as having low positive and high negative subjective effects. Compared to placebo, transdermal nicotine decreased the number of denicotinized cigarette smoked, produced a lasting decrease in the total volume of denicotinized cigarette smoke inhaled, but had little effect on the subjective effects of denicotinized cigarettes. Transdermal nicotine attenuated withdrawal during initial smoking abstinence; however, once participants were allowed to smoke withdrawal symptoms were relatively low regardless of patch condition. The persistent use of denicotinized cigarettes may result from the presence of nicotine withdrawal and/or the degree to which smoking becomes somewhat independent of the outcome of the behavior (i.e., habit learning). Additional studies would be useful to determine what factors drive continued use of denicotinized cigarettes, whether their use subsides as withdrawal dissipates, and whether they address motives for smoking distinct from current pharmacotherapy.
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1390.006
发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
REWARD AND DECISION MAKING IN CORTICOBASAL GANGLIA NETWORKS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Balleine, Bernard W.;Ostlund, Sean B.
通讯作者：
Ostlund, Sean B.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Olausson, P;Jentsch, JD;Taylor, JR
通讯作者：
Taylor, JR
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brody, Arthur L.;Mandelkern, Mark A.;Mukhin, Alexey G.
通讯作者：
Mukhin, Alexey G.
影响因子：
25
作者：
Ito, R;Robbins, TW;Everitt, BJ
通讯作者：
Everitt, BJ
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Becker, Karen M.;Rose, Jed E.;Albino, Anthony P.
通讯作者：
Albino, Anthony P.