Crowds and Communities: Light and Heavyweight Models of Peer Production
Crowds and Communities: Light and Heavyweight Models of Peer Production
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人群和社区：同行生产的轻量级和重量级模型
DOI：
10.1109/hicss.2009.137
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Haythornthwaite
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Haythornthwaite
两种协作的组织形式主导着互联网上开放参与和生产的讨论：一种是基于许多无联系的个人的微参与的众包模型，另一种是基于一组忠诚的互联成员之间的强大联系的虚拟社区模型。本文认为，任务相互依赖、权威控制和群体焦点等维度支撑着与参与此类开放系统相关的行为，导致贡献行为一方面可以被描述为“轻量级”，通过对共同目标的弱关系依恋发挥作用，通过权威确定的、基于规则的贡献来实施，另一方面可以被描述为“重量级”行为，通过与社区成员和社区目的的强关系联系来实施， 通过内部协商、同行评审的贡献。对这些维度的检查和阐述，以及由此产生的贡献行为模式，有助于协调同行生产和虚拟社区在线协作方法，解释新形式的协作生产的动机和结构方面，并为构建和维持集体贡献系统的设计提供信息。
Two collaborative forms of organizing dominate discussion of open participation and production on the Internet: a crowdsourcing model based on microparticipation from many, unconnected individuals, and a virtual community model, based on strong connections among a committed set of connected members. This paper argues that dimensions such as task interdependence, authority control, and group focus underpin behaviors associated with participation in such open systems, resulting in contributory behaviors that can be described at one end as 'lightweight', functioning by weak-tie attachment to a common purpose, enacted through authority-determined, rule-based contribution, and at the other end as 'heavyweight', operating through strong-tie affiliation with community members and community purpose, enacted through internally negotiated, peer-reviewed contribution. Examination and articulation of these dimensions, and the resulting patterns of contributory behavior they engender, help reconcile peer production and virtual community approaches to online collaboration, explain motivational and structural aspects of new forms of collaborative production, and inform design for building and sustaining collective contributory systems.