THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL SKILLS IN THE LABOR MARKET
THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL SKILLS IN THE LABOR MARKET
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DOI：
10.1093/qje/qjx022
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发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
13.7
通讯作者：
Deming, David J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deming, David J.
劳动力市场越来越重视社交技能。从1980年到2012年，需要高水平社交互动的工作在美国劳动力中所占的比例增长了近12个百分点。数学密集但较少社交的工作-包括许多STEM职业-在同一时期下降了3.3个百分点。对于需要高水平数学技能和社交技能的工作来说，就业和工资增长尤其强劲。为了理解这些模式，我开发了一个团队生产的模型，工人“交易任务”，以利用他们的比较优势。在该模型中，社交技能降低了协调成本，使工人能够更有效地专业化和协同工作。该模型生成的预测排序和相对回报的技能跨职业，我调查使用的数据从NLSY 79和NLSY 97。使用一组可比较的技能指标和协变量，我发现21世纪初劳动力市场对社会技能的回报比20世纪80年代中期和90年代要大得多。
The labor market increasingly rewards social skills. Between 1980 and 2012, jobs requiring high levels of social interaction grew by nearly 12 percentage points as a share of the U.S. labor force. Math-intensive but less social jobs-including many STEM occupations-shrank by 3.3 percentage points over the same period. Employment and wage growth were particularly strong for jobs requiring high levels of both math skill and social skills. To understand these patterns, I develop a model of team production where workers "trade tasks" to exploit their comparative advantage. In the model, social skills reduce coordination costs, allowing workers to specialize and work together more efficiently. The model generates predictions about sorting and the relative returns to skill across occupations, which I investigate using data from the NLSY79 and the NLSY97. Using a comparable set of skill measures and covariates across survey waves, I find that the labor market return to social skills was much greater in the 2000s than in the mid-1980s and 1990s.